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A 

SPECIMEN 

OF THE CONFORMITY 
OF THE 

EUROPEAN LANGUAGES, 

PARTICULARLY - 

THE ENGJLISM, 

WITH 

THE ORIENTAL LANGUAGES, 

ESPECIALLY 

THE PERSIAN; 

IN THE ORDER OF THE ALPHABET: 

WITH 

NOTES AND AUTHORITIES. 



Nonnulla funt rocabnla quae Gracci a Perfis, ant aliis barbaris, Laiini 
a Graecis, nos a Latinis accepimus. Hen. StephanuSj de Latinitate 
fa lib fufpeeta. 

Geram tibi morem, et ea quae vis,ut potero explicabo : nee tamen qua£ 
Pythius Apollo; certaut fintetfixa quae dixero; fed ut homunculus 
unus e muitis, probabilia corjeciura lequens. Cic. Tui'c. Difputur. 
lib.i. c. 19. 



velut inter atras 

SteliuJa nubes. 



iF 



EY STEPHEN WESTON, B. D. F. R. S. S. A, 

THE SECOND EDITION, ENLARGED. 



L N D K: 

PRINTED BY S. ROUSSEAU. AT THE ARABIC AND PERSIAN PRESS, 
WOOD STREi T, SPA FUiDS) 

AND SOLD BY 

T. PAYNE. MEWS' GATE 5 MURRAY AND HIGHEST, 

FLEET STREET 5 ANU J. ASPERNE, CORNKILL, 

1803, 



■*> 



ADVERTISEMEN T. 



1 HE Additions to this Second Edition, 
afford further Proofs of the Conformity 
of the Arabic and Perfian with the Eu- 
ropean Languages. Conformity and 
Etymology are not ftri&ly the fame 
Things ; and, therefore, Objections 
made to the one do not apply to the 
other. Etymology is the Defcent or 
Derivation of a Word from its Original ; 

or, 



VI ADVERTISEMENT, 

or, as it is called by Quintilian, origina- 
tio ejus. Conformity is the refem- 
blance of one Word to another, having 
the lame radical Letters in the fame 
Form. In Etymology you trace a Word 
to its Source, in Conformity you fee the 
Likenefs, but cannot always fhow its 
Defcent. The Perfian Words, how- 
ever, in the Englilh Language may be 
accounted for by the Intercourfe between 
the Goths and the Perfians, and the Ara- 
bic terms have come to us through the 
Saxons, ot which wittina gemot is one 
among many notable inftances. This 
cannot be denied; and,, therefore, muft 
reft on a folid foundation. But whe- 
ther there be any ingenuity in difcover- 
ing Englrfh Yfords in Oriental Lan- 
guages 



ADVERTISEMENT. VII 

guages is not for an Author to fay when 
the Queftion is about his own Work ; 
but fo much he may fay, that the Re- 
fearch, no doubt, will contribute fome- 
thing to fhow the Exiftence of an Ori- 
ginal Language, 



PREFACE, 



PREFACE, 



VV E have long been in poiTeffion of a 
number of words in the Englifh lan- 
guage, domefticated among us, without 
knowing whence we had them, or fuf- 
pedling that they were not our own ; 
and if, at any time, we fuppofed, from 
an ignorance of their origin, that they 
did not belong to us, we were com- 
pletely unable to fay how we came by 
them ; and, although Perfia and Arabia 

b have 



VI PREFACE. 

have greatly contributed to enrich our 
Vocabulary, we have remained utter 
iirangers to what people, or country, 
our acknowledgements have been due 
for fuch an acceflion of wealth. 

The appearance of Teutonic words 
in the Periian language was long ago 
noticed by Marcus Zuerius Boxhornius, 
in a letter to Nicholaus Blancardus, in 
which he is of opinion that the Perfians 
and Germans are derived from the Scy- 
thians, as from a common anceftor, and 
that of courfe their language is one and 
the fame thing *. Many learned men, 

fuch 

* This idea, however, is very different 
from the opinion of Sir William Jones, 
who apprehended, that Iraun, or Perfia., 

was 



PREFACE. VU 

fuch as MorhofF, Muhl, Saumaife, Oleari- 
us, and Braunius, have thought that the 
German and Perfian languages were 
much alike. Leibnitz alfo in his Mif- 
cellanies, p. 152, fays the fame thing, 

was the country from which all the nations of 
the earth derived their origin, it being, accord- 
ing to him, the place whence people firft mi- 
grated in all directions ; and in which migra- 
tions they of neceffity carried their language. 
He fuppofes " that the language of the firft 
Perfian empire was the mother of the Sanfcrit, 
and confequently of the Zend and Parfi, as 
well as of Greek, Latin, and Gothic." — €€ The 
Saxon chronicle, I prefume, (fays Sir W. 
Jones), from good authority, brings the firft 
inhabitants of Britain from Armenia ; while a 
late very learned writer concludes, after all his 
laborious refearches, that the Goths or Scythi- 
ans came from Perfia," &c. Vid. Afiatic Re- 
fearches, vol. 11. pp. 64, 65 ; and Flowers of 
Perfian Literature, pp. 46, 47. 

b 2 Lipfiug 



V1U PREFACE. 

Lipfius, in his epiftle to Henry Schott, 
in Cent. iii. ad Belgas Num. 44, has a 
lift of thirty-five words whicli are the 
fame in Perfian and German. See Bur- 
ton's Remains of the Perfian Tongue, 
publifhed by Von Seelen, Lubecae, 1720, 
p. 117. 

Andrew Muller has written on the 
fame fubjed. Scaliger fays, in his 
Epiflle to Pontanus, " One thing cannot 
be more unlike another, than Teutonifmus 
linguae Perficae, in which language, ne- 
verthelefs, I find fader, moder, broder, 
tochter, but it is by no means necef- 
fkry that the Perfian fliould be the fame 
as the Teutonic, becaufe certain words 
in both are written and pronounced 

alike ; 



PREFACE. IX 

alike ; you may as well fay the Arabic 
and the Spanifh are the fame, in which 
latter tongue there are Arabic words 
enough to make a complete dictionary. 
See Reinefius, torn. III. Var. Left. c. 
17, but particularly Hiller on the origin 
of the Celtic nations, in his compari- 
fon of Perfian, Teutonic, Greek, and 
Latin, in twenty-one inftances, in which 
he endeavours to overturn the opinion of 
Boxhornius, and his followers, that the 
Germans are derived from the Scythians. 
Tacitus fays, Ipfos Germanos indigenas 
crediderim, minimeque aliarum gentium, 
adventibus, hofpitiisque mixtos ; where 
Leibnitz remarks, that they are indigence ; 
vel aborigines in no other fenfe than that in 
which ignotum pro nullo habetur, becaufe 

b 3 adventus 



X PREFACE. 

adventus eorum migrationefque omnem 
memoriae hiftoriam tranfcendunt. To 
this maybe added the teftimony of He- 
rodotus, in his firft book, that there 
were among the Perfians Germans, who, 
with the Panthelsei and the Derufisei, 
were all ploughers of the ground, and 
not of the tribe of the Pagafardae, or 
Achaemenides, from whom the Perfian 
monarchs were defcended, but Germans, 
(foreigners, who came poflibly to teach 
the Perfians the arts of agriculture). I 
thought it neceffary to fay thus much by 
way of Preface to a fmall tra£t on the 
Conformity of the Perfian with the En- 
glish, and other European Languages, 
in which certain words are not only 
alike, but exactly fimilar, without pre- 
tending 



PREFACE. XI 

tending in all cafes to determine the 
queflion of priority : 

For which he firlt, and which from 
t'other fpring, 

(We cite them both) that's quite ano- 
ther thing. 

The prelence of the old rough Teu- 
tonic in the foft modern Perfian, wears 
at bell but an incongruous appearance, 
like a rulHc fpeaking the language of the 
court, or the barbarous names of Ceol- 
wolf and Tatwallin in the harmonious 
images of ^Ella. The prefence alio of 
oriental words in our language has its 
inconvenience, and is fometimes the oc- 
calion of one thing being miftaken for 

another, 



Xiv PREFACE. 

another, owing to the pronunciation 
given to the foreign term agreeing fo 
exa&ly with that of the native, as to the 
ear to make them but one, and the fame 
word. 

I do not think myfelf under 
any obligation to fhow, how, or 
when any Oriental w x ord came into 
our language, more than buzzard 
in Arabic, or koofa in Shanfcrit ¥„ 



* Koofa-grafs held facred by the Bramins. 
See Mr. Wilkins's Heetopades, p. 14. note 27. 
In EnglilTi coach-grafs, triticum repens. Cu- 
fha, pronounced more correcSHy cufa with a 
palatial /; a grafs held facred by the Brahmens 
from time immemorial. It is the poa cyno- 
furoides of Dr. Koenig. See Afiatic Refearches, 
vol. III. p. 255. 

or 



PREFACE, XV 

or nag, or rava*, or any other of fo- 
reign extraction, now fettled and do- 
medicated among us. Conqueft and 
commerce were the great channels 
through which the language of the Goths 
palTed into Perfia, and by which the 
terms of the Englifh are current all 
over the world f . 

It has been the fate of the Eafteru 
languages to be mifunderftood in Europe. 
We have more than one infiance of 
this in Ariftophanes. In the Achar- 

* Nag is a horfe in Shanfcrit, rava a cry. 
Nag banee is the fnake's tongue. 

^f Mr. Swinburn in his Travels, in 1783, in 
Sicily, has given a lift of thirty-eight Englifh 
words in ufe at Bova and Reggio in Magna 
Graecia. 

nenfes, 



XVI PREFACE. 

nenfes, the name of the Perfian ambafta- 
dor is fadly mangled and wretchedly in- 
terpreted, as if Pfeudartabas was fo called, 
becaufe derived from 'AgTtxSyjV, a Per- 
fian, and Egyptian meafure : this is the 
more extraordinary, as the right word is 
given in the Aldus edition, and the Ve- 
netian of 1542, and wants only to be 
written with an omicron, inftead of an 
omega. The Invernizi manufcript gives 
Pfeudartaha— ban, v. 91. and 99. and 
at v. 99. the editio Princeps, and 1542, 
■tysvftoigcrwSoc, which laffc is nearer the 
truth than i\sev$oigTOi€oi, but they are nei- 
ther of them correct. The ambaflador 

is called the king's eye*, which his name 

expreflcs • 

* nDN in Hebrew is brachium, et ancilla, 
becaufe ancilla, or hand-maid, is the arm of 

her 



PREFACE. XM1 

expreltes ; w!} f;lj &L&^ Shah Dara 
Zab, or as the Greeks pronounced it, 
ipsyJa^«S«, corrupted into Pfeudartaha. 
The word means, the eye of the lord, 
the king, o fiotcriXews op0«tycoff. 

Zab is a fountain and an eye ; fo 
^s is an eye in its firft fenfe, and a 
fountain in its fecond, becaufe the eye is 
fons lacrymarum, et rivus ; thus f** 00 ^** 
chefhm is an eye, and a cup, becaufe it 
holds the tears. 

I wifli I could make out the ambaf- 
fador's words in anfwer, v. loo, to the 



her miflrefs. See Exodus, cap. ii. v, 5. The 
diftindlion between the meanings is by the dia- 
critical point dagefh in mem, for when it is 
raphated, that is aipirated, it fignifies hand- 
maid. 

order 



XV111 PREFACE. 

order given by the herald to explain to 
the citizens, for what purpofe the king 
of Perfia fent him, as fatisfa&orily, as I 
have reftored his name. 

In the third fcene of the firft ad 
fysv^ct^otgotc having been introduced to 
the council by the herald opens his com- 
miffion in the following words : 

Ictgmy,oiv e%ccgZocv dxiatrovoicroiTPX. 

Upon which the herald afks Dicaeopolis, 
if he underftands what the ambaflador 
fays. " Not I, faith/ 5 replies Dicaeo- 
polis. He fays, " that the king will 
fend us money," adds the herald, and 
turning to Pfeudarzab, bids him lay more 
llrefs on the word gold. The ambafla- 
dor fpeaks again, and Dicaeopolis afks, 

what 



PREFACE. XIX 

what he fays now. The herald ex- 
plains, and Dicasopolis rejoins, " I do 
not think fo, get you gone, I will alk 
him myfelf ;" upon which he addrefles 
the ambaflador : " Will the great king 
fend us money?" The ambaflador makes 
a fign, which Diczeopolis interprets 
" No;" and adds, " then we have been 
deceived by our legates ?" The ambafla- 
dor nods aflent, after the manner of the 
Greeks. 

Dr. Wahl and Monfieur Anquetil, 
feem to explain the words of Pfeudarzab, 
as if the true meaning of them were given 
in the herald's translation : 

" He 



XX PREFACE. 

" He fays the king will fend us money/' 

Whereas the ambaflador declares he faid 
no fuch thing. 

Dr. Wahl, however, goes on to trans- 
cribe in Perfian what Pfeudarzab has 
faid with his own interpretation, " Af- 
ferent nobis ex arce regia opes ;" and 
this remark, " Wir werden deutlich 
gewahr, dafs die Worte Artebans fich 
noch immer im neuperfichen finden n'am- 
!ich/* 

(l ; >!>) )/,> ;£L^ _//;! \, , ; l 

This is a tranflation into modern Perfian 
of the Greek words the herald gave to 
the ambaflador, with additions and va- 
riations 



PREFACE. XXI 

nations, without which, perhaps, they 
are not to be interpreted at all ; but, be 
their meaning what it will, it can never 
be " afferent nobis ex arce regia opes," 
for the reafon already affigned. 

Herr. Anquetil, fays Wahl, Wft alfo 
auf, that is, difengages it, or as the 
painters fay, brings it out thus, Iarad 
man atchfchetran afzunatra (chfchetran a 
rege w'are zendifch), 

Thefe learned OrientaMs obfervc, that 
sa in the laft word, and iarta for iarat 
are miftakes of the tranfcribers, and Mr. 
Wahl makes the concluding letters to be 
hh L$\? °P es ^ pecuniam regiam. 

c I fhall 



XXli PREFACE. 

I fhall now give my own reading, 
and the interpretation of it. 

larta man e^oc^oc na piflbn as atra. 

Awurde am men jezer na fizun az dara, 

I, the ambaffador, have brought no 
money from the king, 

Fizun means increafe, abundance., 
wealth, money ; from t\))}2 fizuden, to 
increafe and multiply, and hence comes, 
or vice verfa, , ^* pyfe in the Hindu- 
wee language. Mafiih, in Arabic, is no 
money ; whence we have our words at 

cards 

/ 



PREFACE. XXlil 

cards of fifh, and counters *j that is, 
money and counters. 

Aur or awur, is reprefented by Iar ; 
de am, by tam ; d being changed into 
/, and e am coalefced. A complains in 
Lucian, of having been robbed by the 
Athenians, of £v$she , )(6ioiv, for they fay 

To make men we only repeat the m> 

E%&g%& is attice for zv&pcrct, or je* 
zarfa. 

* Warton fays, vol. II. p. 31 6, that the 
Arabians invented cards, which they communi- 
cated to the Conftantinopolitan Greeks, from 
whom cards came to England, and the Weftern 
parts of Europe during the Crufades. 

c 2 Az 



X&1V PREFACE* 

A& atra for az dara according to the 
Chaldean mode, which makes dar nnx, 
and \j& j\) dar choda, Atergatis. See 
Reland, p. 142, Differ t. iii. 

As to the chronology of this tranf- 
action, it is eafily fettled, as we are in 
poffeffion of two points, the date of the 
play, when a&ed, and the death of Ar- 
taxerxes Longimanus, The former was 
in the third year of the 88th Olympiad, 
and the latter in the 424th year before 
Chrift, or in the 4th year of the 88th 
Olympiad, and the feyenth of the Pelo- 
ponnefian war, the year after Ariftophanes 
brought out the Acharnenfes. During 
the life-time of the powerful Ardeihir 
Diras Dolt, the length of whofe hand 

the 



PREFACE, XXV 

the Athenians had felt to their coil in 
Egypt, the poet was not afraid to raife a 
loud laugh at the expence of the great 
king's ambaiTador, by bringing him on 
the ftage, all eye. 

There is a Perfian word in the title of 
Chofroes the Second, which I have feen 
followed by (Genii) between hooks, as 
if this was the meaning of it, and it fig- 
nified Demons. Now there are Genii* 
the Soors, and Affoors of India for ex- 
ample, to which, the word in conlidera- 
tion cmtuvoic has fome refemblance ; but 
We want a Perfian term. 

The title of Chofroes before his letter 
to Bahrain has all the pomp and prodi- 
gality 



XXVi PREFACE. 

gality of the Eallern fublime. Chofroes* 
King of Kings* Lord of Lords, Prince of, 
peace, falvation of men ; with God im- 
mortal, among men a glorious divinity ; 
an illuftrious conqueror, riling with the 
fun, giving eyes to the night, of noble 
defcent, hating war, gracious to all, 
o tqv$ otcrwvas (/ucrQovfJLSvoe, having the 
learned in his pay, a preferver of the 
kingdom of Perfia* To Bahram, the 
Perfian general, our friend. 

The word aawvocg is moll pro- 
bably U^-l afhina, from ^J^J^ fhinas 
or fhonas, intelligent, knowing, jJj 
^l^i^) nukte alhonas, underftanding 
the moll minute things, and the moll 
myllical lignilications. ^Li^' ,£*+ 

mana 



PREFACE. XXvil 

mana aihona, fignifies alio learned In 
meanings, for .£*<* ( { is without mean- 
ing, or unintelligible ¥. 

It may, perhaps, be more eafy to ac- 
count for the Arabic words in our lan- 
guage than the Perfian, if we confider 
that when the ftar of the great monar- 
chies was fet, the Arabian luminary 
arofe, and like Timur, became the lord 
of the fortunate conjun&ion at its rife. 
The great empires that have been found- 
ed on the ruins of the widely extended do- 



* See Theophyla6t, lib. iv. c. 8. Parifiis, 
1647, p. 101. Gibbon, vol. iy. p. 475. And 
Themiitius, Orat. xxi. Explorator, p. 255. 
Notis Edit. Harduin. p. 507, de Oculo Regis. 
Philoftrat. Vit. Apollon. lib. i. c. xv. 

minions 



XXVlli PREFACE, 

minions of the Khalifa, in all which 
Arabic has been, and is ftill, legally and 
religioufly cultivated, mull, no doubt, 
have influenced the ftates of Europe, and 
mixed their tongues with hers, 

Notwithstanding the Arabic and Per- 
flan are fo oppofite in genius, that the 
one abhors, what delights the other, yet 
are they fo interwoven as to be worn like 
patch work draperies on the fame Ihoul- 
VJers ; and though the greater part of the 
motley garment be of Arabian texture, 
yet to know the compofition of the one, 
you muft be acquainted with the threads 
of the other. We, whofe language is 
made up of French and Saxon, are ac- 
cuftomed to this mixture, and when we 

fay, 



PREFACE. XXIX 

fay, beef, veal, or mutton, fpeak the 
one, and when ox, calf, or flieep, the 
other. 

This fmall Vocabulary has been col- 
lected from a variety of authors ; many 
of the words, however, have never been 
before noticed, with a view to a com- 
parifon with any European language. 

Father Angelo has fhewn, in his Ga- 
zophylacium, the analogy between the 
modern languages and the Perfian ; and 
Profeifor Wahl has published a very 
learned work with xi plates ; the title of 
which is, * Allgemeine Gefchichte der 
Morgenla # ndifchen Sprachen, und Lite- 
ratur ; I have obtained alight of this 

d work, 



%XX PREFACE, 

work, where the author compares the 
German with the Oriental tongues, by 
the favour of Mr. Henley, and if I have 
differed from the author in my interpre- 
tation of the Periian in Ariiiophanes, I 
have given my reafons for fuch diilent ; 
and I {hall be happy, if I fhould have been 
miftaken, to be fetrigl.t, 



THE 



1 HE Honour aide East India 
Company has set apart a Suite of Rooms, 
in headenhall Street, for the Reception of 
Oriental Books and Manuscripts, and ap- 
pointed Charles Wilkins, Esq. to le the 
Keeper of them, ivho is in himself a living 
Repository of Oriental Learning. 



LINQVE LIBER CAMPOS UBI NASCERIS, ARVA 
PATERNA 

DESERE, NEC TIMEAS ; FELICITER IBIS IN 
VRBEM, 

NAMQVE TIBI PLVTEVM CERTVS PROMISIT 
APOLLO, 



THE 

CONFORMITY 

OF THE 

*4R>AEIC *AJVJB PERSI^JV 

WITH THE 

ENGLISH 

AND OTHER 

EUROPEAN LANGUAGES. 



PERSIAN. ENGLISH. 

jt! Ahad f Abode. 

AbAD means a city, or habitation, 
pv refidence. Shirauz, which has been 
called the Perfian Athens, was *U (U? 
Jumal Abad, or the feat of elegance. See 
Perfian Mifcellanies, p. 26 ; and Flowers 
of Perfian Literature, p. 24. Likewife 
A' *^*) Dowlet Abad, or the abode 
of prosperity, a town in the Eaft Indies, 
and many others of a Similar nature. 



( 2 ) 
L uJ* ) Ebnus Ehenus, Ebony. 
An Arabic word. 

2jA Alru A brow. 

To give a brow is to refpe6i. To 
make a brow, is to honour. And as 
Swift and Shakfpeare fay, to make a leg, 
or to bow ; fo the Perfians, to make a 
brow, or honour by a look, or regard. 
To incline the brow, ,*uj zeden, is to 
nod, or approve by a motion of the eye- 
brow. The Macedonians probably 
brought the words a£gcv$, (k^ovr^g from 
Perfia ; See Hefychius, A?GgovT€G. oQpvg. 
MotKZ$ovz£. afotrzov, which Hefy- 

chius explains by xvxsoovx, is Mace- 
donia and Arabic, as thus, ^1, and 
with a Greek termination, ufocxov, yjxve- 
ovroc gaping, having a large mouth. 
Either Hefychius was ignorant of the 
meaning of the word, or the Macedo- 
nians 



( 3 ) 

nians gave their own fenfe to it, or the 
tfanfcriber of the manufcript, of which 
there is but one copy, wrote xvxswm for 
Xctveov}%. Suicer in a letter to Web- 
iler, December 21, 1662, wifhes fome 
one would explain to him the Scythic, 
Punic, Laconic, and Macedonic words in 
Hefychius. As I know of no Periian 
word like oihtrxov that fignifies xvxswoi, 
or mixture, I mull conceive that the 
text has been corrupted, or the Mace- 
donic term miflnterpreted. We are 
fometimes told, fays Poller, that the 
nominative in IWoTa, 'sro/jjTa is Mace- 
donic, they might as well fay, it was 
Perfie. F. 78, Accent and Quantity, ill 
edit. One thing is certain, that the 
termination is not Greek. 

,j~~X I Ellis Devil . 

Eblis, the Perfians fay, wag fent from Hea- 
B 2 ven 



( 4 > 

ven to chaflife the genii, whom he rout- 
ed, and with Gian ben Gian their leader, 
drove from the face of the earth, and 
reigned in their Head. His name was 
Hares, the Guardian, or Protestor , but, 
proving refractory, and difobedient to 
the commands of Heaven, he was called 
Iba the Stubborn; Eblis the Defperate; 
and Sheitan the Proud. , w^Xj y y Dir 
eblis makes Deviliih, Devil, &c. &c. 

,j£'l Atish Fire. 

Out of the word atifh, the French 
feem to have made attifer, to light, or 
kindle a fire. Titio, in Latin, is an ex- 
tinguiflied fire brand, and Tirocvog in 
Greek calx, or lime, which, with TiTtpsQ, 
Homer's infernal gods, come from Dip 
Ccenum, lutum, in Hebrews and kit tat 
in Arabic, aeftuare, which fhews the na- 
ture of the earth meant, to be effer- 

vefcent, 



< 5 ) 

vefcent, though ufed to fignify earth in 
general. The French fometimes borrow 
a word from the Arabic through the 
Italians ; for in fiance, mefchin ^XL/ ! 
elmefchin, povero, mefchino, and in He- 
brew IDdd macfan. id?! Atfhi in Per- 
fian is a flint-Hone. 

The French became acquainted with the 
Arabians when the conquerors of Spain 
tookNarbonne, and Thouloufe, with great 
part of Langucdoc ; and when Le Comte 
de Eudes, in attempting to recover it, 
was defeated, and the Saracens advanced 
a confiderable way into France, till they 
met with Charles Martel, grandfather of 
Charlemagne, and were forced to retire 
to Narbonne. 

/^ \j? \ Ahras Eras . 

Aera Hifpanica began twenty-eight 

years before the Chriflian, or the tax- 

b 3 ing 



( 6 ) 

ing of Auguftus, on the defeat of the 
Spaniards by Domitius Calvinus in the 
feventh Julian year, according to Dio 
Caflius ; therefore it cannot have been fo 
called, becaufe all the world brought in 
its contributions in money, or aera to the 
republic. Moreover it is always fpelt 
according to Scaliger, Emendat. temp, 
p. 418,, Era on the old Spanilh monu- 
ments. Ahras in Arabic means ages, 
periods, epochs. 

,p \jp 1 Aras Areas . 

Aras, in Arabic, courts, fquares, or 
open places. Area in Latin is a void 
fpace. Area quafi exaruerit, a place 
where nothing grows. Feftus, pefiime. 

Ct 7 if ft Arizchenk Artichoke. 
Artz-chenk in Arabic is earth choke, 
and compounded of artz, earth, and 
chenk, which means choking, or 

ftrangling. 



t 7 ) 

ilrangling. See the Gazophylacium 
rjjft A Artichek, under Articiocco. 

oj! Err eli Serra. 

Erreh a faw in Per flan, which the 
Latins have made their own by prefixing 
the letter s as they ufually have done 
in forming words from the Greek. 

^1 Erma ^E^xog. 

v EgY)[/.oc, igrifJUTYiG, in Greek, from 
whence comes hermit, as we now fay, 
though formerly eremite. 

wl/^1 Asterlab Aflrolabe. 

Johnfon derives this word from the 
Greek occt^ov Aa£sIV, but the Arabic I 
believe is the oldeft, though our word 
may have been made up of twp Greek 
ones. 

iMjta"J Astaden To Stand. 
£&>] Asian A Threlhold. 

B 4 *>ta"l 



( 8 ) 

e>^4 Astanda Stator. 

Quaii adftans domino, to execute his 
orders. The Romans had ftanders and 
runners, letter-carriers. Cic. Epift. ad 
Famil. 1. ii. Ep. xvii. ineunte. We too 
have ftanders and runners of another fort, 
pick-pockets. 

& **\ Ashim A fcheme. 

See Ludolphi Commentarium in Hrfto- 
riam JEthiopicam, p. 625, edit. 1691. 

klf JM Ascarlati Scarlet, Efcarlate, 



\f v j** 



j%) Iter Iter. 



A circle, a line drawn round another, 
a procefs, or going about, in Arabic. 

£*j) Aresh Wrifi, 

Arefh or erefh is the wrift, bccaufe 
it joins the hand, and the arm together. 
(PjS in Arabic is to connect, and the 
prefix of the iv makes our word. , See 
Cafiell, p. 18. v- Arflan. 



( 9 ) 

V/t?! Itaret Reiterating. 

Iterare in Latin is to do a thing a 
fecond time, in Englifli to iterate, or re- 
peat. 

^IaM Itam Eating, 

To eat in Saxon is eatan ; in Gothic 
itan ; in Arabic itam ; eating, feeding, 
giving victuals or refreshment. 

"^1 Ahmet Meat. 

The French derive their word mets, 
from meto ; miflus, miniftratio, and are 
evidently in want of an etymology. It 
is not an uncommon thing for words in 
palling from one language to another 
to loofe their firffc fyllable, and 
fometimes more. Thus latten is tin ; 
umbilicum bellico, cadavered, davered. 
ciKoyeVY\Q cockney ; potatoes tatoes ; 
withdrawing-room drawing-room. 



( io ) 
v^ttM. Atlas Atlas. 

Atlas is any tiling fmooth, worn, 
bare, or bald ; and, in commerce, a iilk- 
fattin, manufactured in the Eaft Indies, 
of all colours, with gold and lilk, fo admi- 
rably worked together, that it cannot 
be imitated in Europe. See Spectator 
in Johnfon's Dictionary. 

/Mv^l Afiun Opium. 

Efiyun, ofiyun, opiun, is Arabic. 

The Greeks have oitog juice of any kind; 

the Spaniards opio, juice of poppy ; from 

whence the French, and the Englifh get 

the initial o. 

♦ 

^jy^S Bfitimaiin Epithymon. 

Efitimoun, a Perfian word, called by 
Richardfon a kind of weed, is Pliny's 
Epithymon, and the name of a fpecies of 
dodder in Englifh botany, cufcuta epi- 
thymum, lefs dodder, or little devil's guts. 

r 



( 11 ) 

fZ^\ Iklhn A clime. 

The Bengal rupee has this infcrip- 
tion : " Struck on the teven climates* 
jyiU (Kufhwar) 1202, A. D. 1788." 
The feven climates are Kafhmeer, Ben- 
gal, Decan, Gudjraat, Lahore, Poorub, 
and Paiilioor, which Timur, when 
he eftablifhed his throne in India, 
united, and called himfelf " the con- 
queror of the feven climates." The title 
has been retained by his fucceflbrs. See 
Moor's Appendix, p. 472, 4to, to Little's 
Narrative, 1791. 

j^^J) Eleniun Helenium. 

Helenium in Arabic is written eleni- 
um after the Greek. 

Si j^JJ Alhet Albeit. 

Albet in Perfian means like our al- 
beit, although, certainly, neceflarily, not- 
withitanding. 



( 12 ) 
fl >} Amrar Amarus, Amere. 

Amrar in Arabic comes from the 
nionoiyllable no in Hebrew mar, in 
French amere, 

^f Emma Ma. 

The Italians out of emma, or ama, 
have made ma, but, however, notwiths- 
tanding, nevertbelefs, 

£J&Z*S Amikhten To Mix. 

Imper. JU#1 Amiz Mix. 

, . ♦ f > JL« ) Amiziden To Mix „ 

jy*\ Amuz Amufe. 

Amuz, ikilful, learned, teaching. 

jIj\ Amhar A Barn. 

,wT An Annus. 

An in Arabic means time, an hour, a 
clay, a year, from whence may have come 
annus, a year ; or a ring, annul ut. t 



r 13 > 

jjj) linked Unked. 

Enked is avaricious, wretched, from 
whence we have perhaps a term in En* 
glifh of linked ; difagreeable, melancholy, 
tirefome. In Oxfordshire every thing 
vinpleafant is linked. 

J^J) Anus Anus. 

Anus, women, females, in Arabic* 
The common derivation of anus is from 
aWQ fenfelefs, without understanding, 
but this does not fuit all old women. 

rfi^&\ Inhas Inks. 

Inkas, writing inks in Arabic. 

jj>! Endud Endued. 

Endud, plafter, ointment, wafhing-, 
gilding, incrufting, from enduden in Per- 
sian. yjh\ ff j j j zer vu fim endud* 
clad, covered, incrulted with gold and 
filver. 



.. ( 14 . \ 

L j*^^ Enhelis eyyB'kig. 
Enkelis in Arabic is an eel, as in 
Greek. 

>CJ Ankar or Angar Anchor. 

In the Moors language, compofed of 
Arabic, Periian, and Hindoftanee, lungur 
is both an anchor and a monkey, becaufe 
a monkey holds by his fore -paws, as fall 
as an anchor. 

jj£) Engilin* Angelica. 
Engiline is angelica, a herb, in Perfian. 

*)J^ Ordu Hord. 
Qrdu is a king's court, palace, or camp. 
A hord (of Tartars) in Perfian. 

1 1 Eta ETct Eja. 

L I is a particle ufed to exhort, and 
encourage, as in Greek and Latin : 
Eta vvv y u crvvfoxacfjou <j<pv\uq o£vxcigfooi. 
Ariftoph. Veip. V. 428. 

Eja 



( 15 ) 

Eja age, rumpe moras. Virgil. 

Hafez begins an ode thus, Ela, ya, 
eiyuh U I 1M 

, *<yk Balms Babiili. 

Babus in Arabic is baby ; we have 
baby, and in Afcham, quoted by John- 
fon, babifli ; " a babifh, and ill brought 
up thing." 

w>U'w^l Bdbu V mandeh Babelmandeb* 

The gate of tears, or ftraits leading 
into the Red Sea, commonly called Ba- 
belmandel. The Arabians confidered it 
as a paiTage to deftru&ion, on account of 
the frequent flap wrecks that happened 
in going through it ; for which reafon 
they w T ept for all that hazarded a paiTage 
into the fea of Oman, or the iEthiopie 
Ocean, at leafi for all their friends. 

t\))h> ji Baritowi. 
Father Angelo- has put this in his lift 

of 



( 16 ) 

of Perfian words that have any relatioii 
with European. If it be a Perfian term 
it is obvious enough, that it is 'uregijovouov 
exprelTed in Perfian letters. 

^ U H Bala-khaneli Balcori. 

♦ 

In Hindoftan the upper apartments 
are called balacony. The Italian words 
balcone and palco come immediately 
from palcum (fuggeftus) in low Latin, 
with balke and balk, pofts or beams, or 
rafters over out-houfes in German and 
Englifh. 

I Pa Pas. 

Foot, a footftep. 

(J[ Pal Pie, French. 

A foot. 

iffc or /fX Fars or Pars Pferd ger. 

Paart du. 

The word tf)\ % pars, which figni- 

fies 



( 17 ) 

fies a horfe, is exceedingly ancient, and 
was ufed for the Perfians, at a very early 
period, Pharfi, Perfians, (horfemen,) is 
mentioned Dan. v. 28. The Arabians, who 
have no p in their alphabet, always fub- 
ftitute f: thus they fay m\^^j\^ far- 
fiftan inftead of M^L^A parliftan the 
country of horfes. 

■ I Buz Buzzard. 

A hawk or falcon. The beak of a bird. 

The firft part of the Englilli word 
buzzard is found in Perfian, but the whole 
is made out of the Arabic term for fa!- 
conarius (i^ljl jL buz adarii by inverting 
the order of the r ; and dropping the 
vowels. This inverfion takes place iqL 
pronunciation, and letters are tranfpofed 
in words that pafs from one people to 
another ; thus, , fpicata (TTrixocrr) by the 
Jews is called t&icttixql, Sykes by the 

g Hindoos 



( is ) 

Hindoos fkyes. otywvioi, by the Hebrews , 
afponia, Golgotha by the Syrians Go- 
goltha, and a variety of others, which 
every body converfant with various lan- 
guages mull have obferved, and particu- 
larly in our own, where the word wafp, 
that was formerly called wapfe, and had 
no other pronunciation ; but is now only 
in ufe in the country. " Atque inficeto 
eft inficetius rure." 

)*/" jl Bad nimruz Inbatto. 

Inbatto is the noon_breeze that blows 
from the JEgean into Smyrna, regularly 
at twelve o'clock in the day. Inbatto 
is made up of in and lad, wind, in Perfian, 
with an Italian termination. See Dal- 
laway's Travels, p. 288, 4to, who men- 
tions the term inbatto. 

II Papa Papa. 

U f„j The Pope of Rome. 



( 19 ) 

> Bad Bad. 

Bad is Perfian, and means wicked, 
worn out, good for nothing, as > # ^l? 
a tattered garment, or a bad coat ; jamei 
bad. ijj? j» of a bad temper* 

^> Pader Pater, Father, 

j, Ber Tmperat. Bear. 

j}) j, Burader Brother, 

Brother of faith, brother of poverty, 
brother of war, brother of fufpicion, of 
forrow, of foftnefs, and fubmiffion. All 
thefe forms occur in Perfian and Arabic. 

j^^ Burader Broeder, Brother. 

This is another word which the Per- 
flans have adopted with the Saxons and 
Germans from one common fource of 
Scythia and Tartary, from whence ir- 
ruptions were made into the Eaft and 

p 2 Weft 



( 20 ) 

Weft, and the inhabitants were taught 
the language of their invaders. 

//yl^ B>erhari$ Barberry. 
The barberry-tree, like the tamarind, 
crab, and floe, never ripens its fruit to 
fweetnefs, the berry is fpinae acidse po- 
mum, or the fruit of a fliarp thorn, the 
name is of Arabian growth. 

.^j^ Berber Barber. 

A barber or furgeon is the fame in 
Perfian as in Englifh. A barber-fur- 
geon joins the practice of furgery to the 
trade of barber, and fuch were all fur- 
geons formerly, 

Ly» Barhut (3ocp£iT0£. 

The Greek word fidig€iTQg is derived 
from fiocgvpiTOV, fo called on account 
of the deep tone of its firings. The 
word is of great antiquity, whatfoever 

may 



( 21 ) 

may have been its origin; and at leaf! 
•S00 years older than barbiit according to 
Hyde's notion, that barbut came from 
Barbud, muiician to Khofrou, fon of 
Hormuz, fuf named Parviz, or the Victo- 
rious. See Hyde's Preface, and extract: 
from Mu'gjizat Pharfi where there are 
anecdotes of the famous Decemviri Per - 
farum, jof which Barbud was the eighth 
The derivation of (3cic£iTQV is far from 
being fatisfadiory, as is the cafe with a 
great many in the book from whence it 
is taken, the Etymologicon Magnum : 
neither is the reafoning of Hyde at all 
conclusive, fince the intlrument might 
have been called barbut before the mufi- 
cian or his name exiited, and prior even 
to the Greek. 

j*£> ? Berlendid Bind on. 
Ber and bendid, the fecond pcrfon 
plural imperative of bitten to bind ; ber 

er 3 is 



( 2 2 . ) 
is a prefix, and in verfe it is berbendidt- 
LL^/* mehmelha, bind on your burdens. 
The line is beautiful, and deferves the 
tranilation, or paraphrafe, which Jortia 
has unintentionally given it^ 

Jeres feryadi midared he berbendidi 
mehmelha. 

The bell proclaims, on, on your burdens 
bind. Hafez, Ode I. 

The alluflon is to the bell of departure 
for the caravans, 

Sarcinas age collige, 

Ut vita levis exeas, 

Cum lignum dederit pater. 

***& S Birtenk .Bittern. 

Bittern is derived in general from 

Butor, quali bos $t taurus, bfecaufe when 

the bittern plunges his bill in the mud, 

lie roars like a bull. Bertenk, in fome 

degree 



( 23 ) 

degree favours this etymology, fince ^A^^ 
means in mud, where the bittern or ar- 
dea ftellaris fifties for his food : the let- 
ters are not indeed exa&ly the fame, or 
in the fame order ; but I have feen greater 
changes without deftroying the identity 
of words. 

/♦Ny Berden, to Bear. Burden. 

^J y Bark Barrack. 

Bark or barrack, in Spanifh barracca, 
means with us, as in Periian, provifion, or 
lodging for foldiers, and travellers, 
Bark is alfo a leaf, and in Arabic a co- 
vering, or cingulum, a cloak, rica, that 
wraps round the head and face, like 
bark round a tree, and leaves nothing 
but the eyes uncovered. 

<hL£w j£ Perishan Perifhed, difperfed. 



( 24 ) 

i,gs#f Perest Prieft 

>&*'/ )f Khood Perest, Pfieft of 
himfelf, or felf-admirer. 

iM ^/^a Pr ester Khan Prefter J ohn , 

Prefter Khan : adoratorum princeps 

fummus. Hence called Prefter John in 
Englifh. 

(J j. Peri Fairy. 

X*S^ Bister Politer. 

The word is, perhaps, A—"^ pifter 
flgnifying a bolfter, bed, jnatrafs, or pil- 
low, in Dutch bolfter, in Saxon boliire. 
See Richardfon, and the Gazophylachim. 

, U* Betil Batello. 

Betil is a boat, if Father Angelo be 
corred, from whence batello might have 
come, or betil from batello, iince the 
root is probably a monofyllable, baot in 
Flemifh, boat in Englifh. 



< 25 ) 

U, Biiffha B • 

Scortum Sodomiticum. Cinaedus. 

This word may difpute the precedence 
with the excellent etymology in the note. 
The deteftable crimes of the Bulgarians 
made their name odious, and bugare 
came to fignify a fodomite. The Bul- 
garians had adopted the abominations of 
the Manichreans, and other monftrous 
errors. See Mofheim and Diet, de 
Trevoux. 



«>. 



Beghel Beagle. 



Beghel is flow, moving in a particu- 
lar manner, between the rate of the. anka 
(long necked dog) and the hemlaj or the 
animal that paces quietly on the road. 
See Golius, in ( %0 , \** and V^t. 

,vjLX Belesan Balfam. 
SJ ♦ 

Balfam is Arabic ; native balfam is 

an 



( 26 ) 

an oily refinous liquid flowing fpontane- 
oofiy, or by incifion from certain plants. 

^Jj^ Penirek Pennyroyal, 

Pennywort. 

Penirek is the name of a fweet fmelling 
Iberb in Perfian, to which our word penny 
may have probably fome relationship. 

tjH Bande, A Slave. ~ Oiie that is bound. 



V ♦ 


Bu 


Fie, eng. 




Buy 


(f)tV, (pV y GR. 
Fi, ITAL. 

Fai, ESPAGJ*. 
Fey, ALLEM. 
Foeci, FLEM. 
Vah, LATIN. 



Hughues de Berry, Moine de Saint 
Germain des Pres dans fa fatire qu'il ap- 
pelle la Bible de Guyot, ou parlant des 

medecins, 



( 27 ) 

medecins, qu'on appelloit alors Phyfi- 
ciens ; il dit, 

Fificiens font appelles, 

Sans fi ne font ils point nommes ? 
De fi doit toute ordure naitre, 
Et de fi Phifique doit etre. 

See Pafquier Recherches, L viii. c. 28, 

Bu in Perfian is a fmell, either good 
or bad, like i^ in Arabic, either as fweet 
fmelling odour /♦jLv'l (VI ti in the nofe 
of time, or a ftink. J I 5^ defran lehu 
Phy ilium. Vide Lette, p. 123, in Car- 
men Panegyricum Muhammedis, 4to» 
Ludg. Bat, 1748. Vide Fabricium, edit, 
ult. Biblioth. Grace. i;go, p. 88. 

Nequam, an Englifh poet in the reign 
of king John, of St. Albans in Hert- 
fordfhire, and canon of Exeter, made the 
following epigram on Philip Repington, 

who 



( 23 ) 

who had punn'd on his name of Nequam t 
Phi nota faetoris, Lippus malus om- 

nibus horis, 

Phi malus et lippus, totus malus ergo 

Philipptis. 

See Bifhop Godwin, de Praef. Ang. 

The Greeks changed the Perfian ba 

into their own <£>/, and of ^jA abru made 

$<P(*UG, and of y made Qv, buya I y or 

£jl y is odoriferous, and fragrant in its 

iirft fenfe, and {linking and fetid in its 

y^y^ Bufol BV^OC. 

Bubu in Arabic is the pupil of the 
eye, and means any thing great or glo- 
rious They fay, he is in the eye ball, 
or pinnacle of his glory ; he is the glory 
of his age. Thus $ov in Greek is faid 
of* any thing great, and (SvSa, of any 
thing full and large. Etymologicum 
Magnum, voce Bwm#. 



•( 29 ) 

* WV Bus Buis, a Kifs. 
Bus fignifies alio an evil, as the kifs 
of Judas did, and is thus exprefled in a 
monkifli verfe : 

Nam mihi quce tu das, Ohriflo dedit ofcula 
Judas, 

As we fay kifs hands, fo the Periians 
kift eyes, rfy t r^<* after the manner 
of the Greek expreffion in the OdyiTey, 

Kvcras ts y,tv KsQcikypi re xou tt[A<pu <pasct 
KoCKa. 7T*V. 15. 

And twice, and twice could fcarce fuffieq. 
He killed his rolling drunken eyes. 

Cow^lej* 

Jucundum os oculosque fuaviaboiv 

CatuL Q. Q< 

There is often a conformity between 
the Greek and Roman, and Oriental 
writers, 

Hie 



( 36 ) 

The two luminaries of war which I 
had kindled were foon extinguished ; 
meaning the two fons whom I had nur- 
tured were killed. 

duo fulmina belli 

Scipiadas* 
JEn. vi. v. 843, AfTembly nd. p* 
39, Chappelow. 

*^ Barge Burg* 

Burge in Arabic is cafile, fortrefs, 
rampart, wall, bulwark* All places 
that in former days were called boroughs 
were fuch as were fenced, or fortified. 
Burg is Saxon for the fame thing, and 
'zrvgyog Greek. 

*&*y Busgah Place of killing. 

Bufgah is called the place of ki fling, 
becaufe every orie that goes in to the 
royal palace kifl.es the gate* What the, 

Trojan 



( 31 } 

Trojan mothers did in takihg their latl 
farewell of Priam's palace, the Per- 
sians do on entering the court of their 
fovereign. 

Amplexseque tenent poftes, atque ofcula 
figunt. 

Virg. ALn. 11. 490, 

wXLi^v Pasheh Pufs. 

Pufs, fays Johnfon, is a cat ; I know 
not whence derived. It is clear that it 
is half a Perfian word, as cat is half of the 
Italian gatto. 

*3~ Buhet Bucket, 

Buket in .Arabic is a violent thunder 
ihower, which comes down, as it were 
in pipes, <^%y Bukat is a muflcal in- 
ftrument, a flute, pipe, trumpet, or leaky 
veflel ; a name of reproach in Perfian 
and Engliih given to thole who cannot 

keep 



( 13 ) 

keep a fecret. The original motiofylla^ 
ble is rj^ a Perfian word. The Portu- 
guefe fay, that it rains buckets, and the 
Spaniards payles, y herradas, pailfuls. 

Yond* fame cloud cannot but chufe to 
fall by pailfuls. 

Shakspeare. 

The Latins have the fame expreffion^ 
" Urceatim pluebat. 9 ' Petron. Fragm* 
Tragur. p. i6 8 (c. 44.) 

J r§ Bui Bill. 

Bui is the beak of a bird, and very 
like our word which is in Saxon bilL 

Zy k Bate Butt. 

Bute is a butt for (hooting at in Per- 
fian. The French dictionaries do not 
fay whence their word " but" comes. 




t 



( 33 ') 
^X Pelite Pellet. 

Pellet, the wick of a candle in Per- 
lian, any thing rolled up, the match of 
a lamp. 

Be Ba 

* 

Buh Bvocc. 

Bubo. 

Buh is an owl in Periian, and Greek, 
and Latin. 

Sy^ Bihter Better. 

The Perlians have the Englilh com- 
parative better, but their own fuperla- 
tive bihterin ; juft fo the Englilh have 
the Periian comparative bihter, but their 
own fuperlative bell, which makes it 
difficult to decide which is the original, 
poflibly neither one nor the other are 
imitators. In Perfian, however, there 
is a politive bih, good ; bihter, better ; 
bihterin, bell, 



I 34 ) 

Jy^ Feline (pewi?. 

Pehne is a racket with which yon 
play at tennis, and comes from i\)J^y 
to extend or ffcretch. Rackets are fining 
With cat-gut, and the ball is flruck with 
an extended arm ; if the arm be con- 
tracted the ball cannot be fo well cut, or 
twilled ; young players who do this, are 
called fpoons. The Greeks, as we have 
already feen in this letter, changed the 
ba and the pa alfo of the Persians into 
<pi, and made (pBWig with their own ter- 
mination of pehne, and we tennis, 

Sm ^ Bib Bib. 

Bib is a canal in Arabic. The child's 
bib carries ofF, or abforbs, what falls upon 
il. From this word comes bibo in Latin 
without palling through the Greek 'ST/vw. 
A great drinker is faid to make a conduit- 
pipe, or common fewer of his throat. 



i. 



( « ) 



-*~ — 6 



Bughe Buche. 



♦♦ ♦ 



Bughe in French is buche, fire*woocL 
which has precifely the fame meaning as 
the Perfian word. 



J?* 



Bil Bill. 



A pick-axe in Perfian, a kind of 
hatchet with a hooked point. 

JL PialJ Phiala, &. 

Phial, e. 
(pictXri, gr. 

Chu auftaule my uz miishruke piale 
leraueed. Hafez. 

— the eaft of the cup. 

;Jw Pilwer Pedlar. 

A hawker of fmall wares, a petty 
dealer ; contracted into pedlar, or from 
the Perlian, which means the fame thing. 

d 2 



( 3d ) 

Pik Tff'lQQ. 

Pih is the origin of wiog 9 'uriwv, in 
Greek, or at leaft the fame word for fat 
and greafe. 

j few Peikar Bicker, 

Peikar in Perfian is a fight, a fkirm- 
ifli. Our word comes through the Welfli 
bicre, a fight or conteft. 

vw Peer Peer. 

Peer in Perfian is a title of honour 
like fenior, feigneur, fen or ; and it pro- 
perly means an ancient, or old man. 

The twelve great lords of France 
who are called peers were probably fo 
named, not fo much from their equality, 
as from being pall the middle age, and 
eligible on account of their experi- 
ence, fenators in wifdom, and ancients 
in knowledge. 

The 



( 37 ) 

The celebrated Timour, before any 
considerable undertaking, always con- 
sulted his j~ peer, looking upon him 
(Koottub ul Aktaub Sheikh Zine u'deen 
Aboo Bukkur) in the light of a ghoftly 
father. From the word j** peer, we 
may, perhaps, derive the appellation 
pere, (French,) a father. Vid. Inftitutes 
of Timour, p. 5. 

^ j 11* Belarij UsXotgycc, 
.Belarij is a ftork in Greek, and Ara- 
bic. dtVTiTrshagyiZsiv in Greek means 
to return a kindnefs, as the ftorks do in 
carrying their aged parents on their backs, 
according to Ariftotle, when they can no 
longer fupport themfelves. Pularghu 
^ j!L in Perfian fignifies, thofe who 
fhelter others that fly to them for refuge* 

ft Tar Tiara. 

Tar in Perfian is the top or fummit, 
d 3 the 



( 38 ) 

the liead or upper and higher part of any 
thing, which will fuit the word tiara, or 
crown well enough. The right worcl 
for creft or crown in Perfian and Arabic is 
-r IT taj, but you cannot fiippofe this to be 
the tiara without commuting letters that 
are not commutable. See R eland, $Ji£- 
fertat. viii. p. 252. edit. 1706. 

if))? 7$ ^J* ^hurus is a cock's 
comb. 

j£J£ Tafati Taffata. 

TafFata phrafes ; filken terms precife. 
Three piled hyperboles. 

Love's Labour Loft. 

Tafate in Perfian is fpun, or t wilted, 
teft and tefate means fpinning a web, and 
a fpider's web. Menage derives taffetas 
from the ruffling noife the filk makes, and 
Da Cange from the low Latin taffata 
t&fetatmim, which is from the Pcrfi.au. 



( 3 9 ) 
oL" Taleli Tabes, l. 

From ^^r teb, a fever. Putrefa&ion, 
Corruption. 

^J\} Tar ah T^w/vj. 
Tarak fignifies, as the Perlians ufe it, 
the crafh made by fplitting or dividing 
of wood. TotPOi^rj in Greek is the noife 
occasioned by the mixing, IKrring up, or 
fplafhing of water. i*)J*f^s to fy^* to 



cleave. 



w>* Turh Turf, 

Turb is earth, duft, ground, a clod, 
in Arabic, Saxon, and Dutch. 

> J Turled Turbitum. 

Turbed is in Arabic an Indian purga- 
tive root ; and turbitum, a root much 
ufed in phyfic to purge phlegm. Ainf- 
worth's 4th Alphabet. 



D 4 



)?f 



( 40 ) 

1 

'jfs Turtur Turtle dove, 

Turtur in Arabic ; in Greek rgvyhv. 
Turtur has no derivation in the Latin 
language, and is evidently of foreign ex- 
traction. Turtures, fays Cicero, et curfu 
et peregrinatione laetantur. V. de Fin. 

f } Tersem Teg aw. 

Terfem I fear, or apprehend, is 
like the future of rgm Tpeato per meta- 
thefin TSgv®. Thus we have from 
Tzigtt Tegcrei Theocr. Idyl. 22. v, 63. 
And from xeipu Kegcoi Mofchus. Id. 2. v. 
32. Terfem is the firfl perfon prfefent 
of terfiden, to fear. 

Tersem een houmi he her durdi keshan 

mikhandend. 
I fear that thofe who mock us as 
wine-drinkers, &c. &c. 

Hafez, Ode n. 

U 



( 41 ) 

^^JJaT Tetellus Titulus, Title. 

Tetellus in Arabic is writing, title, 
defcription. 

}*£* Tariz Tarrying. 

Tariz is alighting, and tarrying on a 
journey. We have this word in the 
New Teftament and in Shakfpeare, but 
its origin was not known, ' I will go 
drink with you, but cannot tarry din- 
ner ; ff and in Troilus and Crefilda, " Tar- 
ffd. 9 ' 

^ Tas Tafle. 

Tas in Arabic and Perfian is, as in 
French, a cup, a plate, alfo a vault, 
l*p/&H /y^ tas eflak the dome of hea- 
ven, or a deprefled arch. 



( 42 ) 

, &„j£ Tarys Tarir. 
Tarys is drying (meat) &c. from 
whence the Trench have tarir la fource, 
&c. and the Greeks exprefs dried meat 
by the fame word nearly {rOLPiyy; Salfa- 
mentum) as the Arabic. 



"/ 



X> 



Tarif Tarif. 



An explanation or declaration of du- 
ties of export and import. 

S Tefu Pho! Fy! 
Tefu, fy ! for fliame ! Perfian. 

j: Tan Tm. 

A companion, this, that. % ruv in 
Greek means o amice, for u srocv from 
stqq ; hence comes ojaostw an equal, and 
our word coetaneous. See Ariftophanes 
Nubes, verfe 1270, 'jtti} crxSnrre yf tocv ; 
and Lucian, p. 727. v. 11. 4to. This, 
that. In Greek, ? roiv, n smrw, ei- 
ther, 



( 4S ) 

ther, fays the Spartan mother to her fori, 
bring back this fhield, or fall upon it. 

*jy~ Tamloureh Tambour, 
Tamboureh is Arabic ; tambor in Spa- 
nilh has its origin in altambor, according 
to the Diclionaire cle Trevoux 





Tundur 


Thunder. 


y 


Tu 


Thou, e. 
Tu, L. 




Tutya 


Tuttj. 



Tutya is a collyrium for the eyes, 
^m^J^ (/W tutiyai dowlet itate-tutty, or 
a walh for a national eye-fore, 

jy 1 UZ X UZ. 

Tuz means the bark of a tree with 
which the Perfian bows are ornamented, 
as it were, with a fringe. Tuz in En- 
glifh fignifies a lock of hair or tuft. 

With 



( 44 ) 

With odorous oil the head and hair 

are fleck ; 
And then thou kemp'ft the Tuzzes on 

thy cheek ; 
Of thefe thy barbers take a coftly care, 

Drypen. 

My Tun Tun. 

Tun is the ftove of a bath, the fur- 
nace of a glafs houfe. 

\^y Tuma Twin, Thoma. 

Tuma in Perfian means Thoma in its 
feco-nd fenfe, and Twin, in its firft, for 
Thomas was called Didymus. hSv^oi 
qui urio partu editi funt. 






Tir Tigris. 

Tir is an arrow, and the river Tigris 
from its rapidity. 

J \S Tirger is an arrow maker, 
but the Tigris is not the only river 

named 



( 45 ) 

named from an arrow ; we have Acis in 
Sicily, that riles in Mount JEtna and 
falls into the Mare Siculum, fo called 
becaufe it runs into the fea like a dart ? 
teli inftar. See Euftathius on Dionyfius, 
and Probus in Catholicis, who aiferts that 
Acis does not increafe in the genitive 
cafe, perhaps not, if you except the pro- 
per name in Ovid's Metam. lib. xiii. 

latitans ego rupe, meique 

Acidis in gremio rcfidens ; 

Acifculus, it is worth remarking, 
found on a denarius in the Valeria family 
with a Siren, on the reverie, fhows that 
the Sirens and the Acifculi came from 
the fame country. See Strabo, lib. i. p. 
22. fol. Lutet. 1620. and Reland, p. 253, 
on the word Tiere. rtf^y\ to o%v qregcou. 
Hefychius, De vetere lingua Perfica. 



;fe 



( 46 ) 
^ L> JaMr Algebra. 

Jabir or geber is a fetter of broken 
bones, or reducer of fractions to whole 
numbers, which may be faid to be the 
buiinefs of an AlgebraiiL This defini- 
tion may be illuftrated by an expreffion iri 
Arabic of drawing from a poet his rhym- 
ing joints, that is, fome of his rhyming 
verfes, which are compared to the frame 
and contexture of the human body fitted 
ad unguern* See Hariri. AiTembiy, iii. 

/ ry^)& Jalilus Jabble. 

Jabilus is flattery, impertinent oh- 
comic in Perfian. Jabble in the Scot* 
tiCii dialect is to foil, or befpatter in tra* 
Telling 



ig. 



, y)\p Jadis Jadis. 

Jadis formerly, of ancient times, in 
French, is derived from jam dm by the 

French 






■< 47 ) 

French etymologifts ; but is really the 
Arabic word tf^ worn out, obliterated^, 
no trace, or veftige of it being left. 

. ^U Jama A Jam, a Garment, 

a robe. 

A jam means in Englifh a child's 
frock, and is borrowed from the Perfian, 
fince our frequent intercourfe with India „ 

l*j\p Jan Giant 

Jan is the name of a demon, fup- 
pofed to have been king of a race of 
creatures which the Arabians called Jinn., 
the Perfians Jinnian, and of the fairies, 
who lived before Adam. Jan ben Jam 
was an hero celebrated in the Eaffc for his 
buckler compofed by Talifmanic art, fo 
as to render the bearer proof againit enr 
chantment, See Wilmet's Dictionary 
of the Koran, article ,^lp. The J ins or 
Genii, and the Peris, two fpecies of ideal 



( 48 j 

beings, the one malignant, the other 
lovely and amiable, are the hinges of 
Eaftern machinery. The Greeks made 
the name of Parifatis out of c^lj (j ^ 
Perizade (born of the Peris,) the fecond 
daughter of Darius. See more in letter 
ra and sin. 

^Jjy)yL? GeheluV tarek Gibraltar. 

The mountain of Tarek was the fpot 
where the General Tarek firft landed in 
his defcent upon Spain from the oppofite 
ihore in 710. 

j& Jad Jad, Dad, 

The infantine way of faying father is 
in moil parts of the world very much 
alike, whether octtoc in Greek, tata in 
Gothic and Latin, or tad in Wellh, or 
dad in Engliih, or jad in Perfian, a grand- 
father, jj?< jg jed bejed, from father 
to fon. 



( 4 9 ) 

j)jp J error Guerrier. 
Jerrar, a brave foldier, in Arabic 

>*-*>? Jerl Zerbus. 

Fat, thick, grofs, in Perfian. The 
word is in Apicius, and means omentum, 
the cavrl in which the inteftines are 
wrapped. 

\h Jefa Chafe, 

Trouble, injury. Fretting. 

Chafe means a heat, a fume, a fret. 
" Wolfey fent for Sir Thomas More in a 
chafe, for having crofled his purpofe in 
parliament." See Camden's Remains. 
The etymologifts get no higher than the 
French in their derivations of this word, 
chafe, echauffer, but the original exifts 
in Arabic. 



( 50 ) 

jh Jiger Jecur, Gefier, 

Heart or Liver. Gizzard. 

The Perfians ufe jecur juft as the 
Greeks did r H^«^, and the Latins jecur 
for either heart or liver. 

Fervens difBcili bile tumet jecur. 
Hor. Od. xiii. v. 4. and T&eocritus, 
Idyl. xi. 15. 

Kwrgitibe ex (tsyoiXric to ol • 

HIIATI woUse fietepov. 

[£ Jemal Camel. 

Camel in Hebrew is bn* and written 
with a jim in Arabic ; our word comes 
from the Hebrew, and the Latin word 
from the Arabic with the fignification of 
the Hebrew. Camel in Hebrew means 
a beaft of burden, as a fubftantive, and 
as a verb, to make a return of any thing 

of 



( 51 ) 

of the fame fort and kind, exa$Jy equal ; 
a gemel, or twin, as in Shakfpeare, a 
gemel or jimmel ring, that is a ring of 
the fame fort. There is an Arabic pro- 
verb, which, becaufe it anfwers to one 
of our own, I will add to this note. 

Jernal bemawza jemal bar a hah. 

Camelus in loco cameli genu fle&it. 
Canes meiunt, ubi canes minxerunt. 

And camels kneel, where camel 9 
knelt before. 

°J*>* Jumlet* Jumble. 

"Jj? Jumletan. Jumlet the whole 
together ; jumletan univerfally. Jum- 
ble in Englifh is a mixture of the whole 
together. " "What a jumble is here 
made of Ecclefiaftical revenues, as if they 

E 2 were 



( 52 ) 

were all alienated with equal juftice." 
Swift. 

Jumlet kainat hi I kashti Noah. 

The univerfe jumbled together in 
Noah's ark. 

4 

£p Gian, D a mones Giant. 

£p in Arabic means to cover all over, 
in the paflive, to be pofleffed with a 
demon. Genius is Periian, in the 

fenfe of the word in Latin, Scit genius 
natale, comes, qui temperat aftrum. 

,*iLk^ Jentian Gentiana. 
^/ ♦♦ • 

M ! f Juvan Ju venis . 
Juven, a boy, or young man- 






U'/? 



( 53 ) 

General General. 



General is from the Portuguefe, but 
the root is in Arabic. 

, P& Jins Genus. 

Jins, genus, kind, fort, mode, gene- 
ration. Nations adopt from one ano- 
ther the improvements of their own 
Hock. Pamphlet in Englifli is made up 
of three French words, par unjilet, by 
one thread, or a Hitched book, ztne bro- 
chure, inftead of this the French now ufe 
pamphlet, and take back their own three 
made into one. 

\j? Jua yvx 

In this word we trace an Englifli 
term up to the Arabic through the Greek, 
and Ihow that in the progrefs from Ara- 
bia to Greece the foft jim is changed 
into the hard gamma, unlefs the Greeks 
e 3 pro- 



( 54 ) 

pronounced ju,je,ji, inftead of gu, ge, 
gi, which is by no means improbable. 
The Perfians fpell Galilee, Gabriel, and 
Galen with ajim, and pronounce Jalilee, 
or Jaleil, Jabriel, and Jaleinus. From 
yvcc comes yvocXoc plural of yvochov, and 
gulley with us, Gulley in Englifh is 
much in ufe for a deep valley, though 
not in the dictionaries, Vallis in Latin 
is of the fame family, 

jy? Jawr Jar, 

Violence, a ihock. 

The French have this word in the 
following fenfes : Jurer fe dit, au figure, 
des voix et des inftruments de mufique, 
qui font de faux tons ; mais fur tout 
quand les fons font rudes et aigres. 

-^ fon aigre fauffet 

Scmble un violon faux qui jure fous 
Farchet Boileau, 

Les 



( 55 ) 

Les couieurs jurent enfemble qui nc 
font pas bien aflbrties. On le dit de 
meme des autres chofes, dont l'union eft 
choquante. Des airs evapores, et des- 
cheveux gris jurent enfemble, 

^& Juju Joujou. 

Juju in Perfian is a fparrow, in 
French a bird of palieboard for children 
to play Math. 



* 



Jehd Jade. 



Jehd is fatigue, wearinefs from over- 
labouring, and ftraining every nerve, ap- 
plied by us chiefly to horfes. The ety- 
xnologifts prefix a great D for doubtful 
to this word, which, is to be fought for in 
Arabic only. 



E 4 



ttjV 



j^j 





( 56 


) 


jhk 


Chartar 


Kfaagx, gr, 
Cithara, l. 
Chitarra, ital. 
Guitar, eng. 



A word undoubtedly of Perfian origin, 
fignifying four firings, ciar four, and tar 
firings, thus, (J^>jb chartak is four co- 
lumns, that is, a principal room on the 
top of eaitern houfes, open to the front, 
and fupported by four pillars. 

t>j U Chare Chary. 

Chare in Perlian is a fubftantiye, and 
lignifies mode, manner, means, care, cau- 
tion, remedy, cure. £j)h *J^Z r ^° a P" 
ply a remedy, to fave, to repair. D ; ^ *£ 
Wh^t mode, by what means. Chary in 
Englilh is an adje&ive with the fenfe of 
wary, careful, cautious, fparing, faving, 
repairing. " Oyer his kindred he held 

a wary 



( 57 ) 

a wary and chary care/' which was 
bountifully exprefled when occafion fo 
required, Carew's Survey of Corn- 
wall. 

Jy£ Chera Quare. 

Why, for what reafon, in Perfian. 

£ p Cherhh Circus. 

Cherkh is a globe, a circle, or wheel, 
in Perfian. 

j&p Chirghed Cricket. 

Chirghed pronounced hard is ealily 
made cricket. The word is Perfian, 

*? Chi ugh Jugum. 

Chiugh is Perfian for a yoke. See 
alfo in its right place <?• *, a yoke for oxen 
from £\/*&y yughiden. 



&* 



( 58 > 
^v Chemen Chemin. 

Chemen a flowery path, a parterre, 
a way in a garden, a meadow, &c. 
&c. ^v /♦/IM^? A green path way. 
Juo [ y& Chemen fofa, a feat in a garden 
path. 

+o I ^ Chuache Chuck. 

v TV 

Chuache or chuwache is a chick in 
Perfian, as if formed from chuck, the 
noife a hen makes in calling her chickens. 
From chuck comes chick, as Johnfon has 
well obferved. 

w ^f Chop Chip. 

Chip and chop, fays Johnfon, are the 
fame. The Perfians call a rod, or flick, 
/^i w^^ chop defti, a Hick for the 
hand, and exprefs our, " to kifs the 
rod," by £)\)f w *2 chop khurden, tq. 
devour the rod ; o ^stf chop pare, is a 

chip 



( 4$ ) 

chip lathe, or fhaving of a tree, the pop- 
lar tree for inftance. 

i**£jk Chopin Chopine. 

Chopin in Perfian is wooden, and 
is ufed by the French for a meafure. 
Chopinette de pompe is a wooden cy- 
linder with holes in it, ufed in pumps. 
The French dictionaries derive chopiu 
from cupa. 

t^ Chiz Chofe. 

Chiz a thing, t^L* nothing, i^J& jgX 
nachiz fhuden to be nothing. The ety- 
mologifts bring this word from caufa, and 
look no farther. 



o^ Chere Ciera, Italian. 

Face, air. Cheer. 

The word cheer for countenance has 
long been domefticated among us in Spen- 
cer, 



( 6o ) 

cer, Milton, and Daniel, and derived, like 
moil other words of uncertain origin, 
from the Greek ; but fuppofing cheer to 
come ultimately from yjxipsiv to rejoice, 
or xeoig the heart, you have in the Per- 
fian and Italian, the immediate Heps by 
which it defcended to us from fo great a 
height, though moft probably the Perfian 
is the true prototype. 

*2>^) */t& Chire-dest Dextrous. 

In this compound we have both 
Greek and Latin, yeto et dextera to fig^ 
nify right handed, or dextrous. Chire 
deft bold, conqueror, ready handed, 

L U Hahul Cable. 

Habul is rope for climbing a palm- 
tree. In Welfh cabl, in Dutch cabel. 
* or hh of the Arabians is founded like 

the 



( 6i ) 

the hetli ft of the Hebrews with a ftrong 
afpirate. 

jyi^t Hahuha herdm To make 

havock. 

Vide Gazophylacium, p. 149. To 
make havock is to plunder, and live by 
rapine. " Do not cry, havock, where 
you fhoiild hunt with modeft warrant," 
Coriolanus, 3. 1. 

..- .— femperque recentes 
Conve&are juvat praedas, et vivere rapto. 

Virg. j£n. 7. ■ 



J-lr 



Hasil Hazel. 



Hafil in Arabic is produce, fruits of 

any kind, fuch as corn, nuts, &c. &c. 

£)• J ( U(^ hafil kurden, to acquire or 

colled fruits, profit, advantage, &c. 

hence comes our word hazel-nut. , > 

♦♦ 



( 62 ) 

. hob bi hafyl, fruitlefs, liazellefs, with- 
out hazel, in Perfian. 

jj? Huzar Huzan 

Huzar in Arabic is flxenuous, warlike ; 
Houifard is a Polifh and Hungarian horfe- 
man, a great pillager, very daring and 
more ufeful in prompt expeditions, and 
detached parties, than pitched battles'. 
This fort of trooper was perhaps carried 
into Perfia at the invafion of that country 
by the Goths. 

[5 )f Houri Hure, germajst. 

W -, ENG. 

The virgins of Paradife are wretchedly 
degraded out of their own country, and from 
that diftinguifhed and immaculate ftate, 
which they are fuppofed to preferve for 
the faithful believer, are become in name 
at lcait common, and impure. All pre- 
tentions to chaftity in title are loll in two 

places 



( 63 I 

places on earth, and in the language 
of Paris, 

Nomine Virginitas faltem eft libata, 

vel illud 
Quod falva potuit virginitate rapL 

if\& Khass Cafa, 

tf\& (/'/**• Serai khafs, the inner 
apartments. \f^ "*/? Kfejreti khafs, 
a fecret retreat. In the inner apart- 
ments the women in the Eaft are kept out 
of fight. The Hebrews called their 
young unmarried women motyn becaufe 
they were concealed from public view. 
The Greeks had an upper room ^oCkOi^ov 
VTTegcpov, where the women dwelt by 
themfelves. Amralkeis compares vir- 
gins fitting at home to eggs in a neft. 
See Reiike, quoted in the notes of 
Lette, p. 188. A maid in Arabic is 

called 



( 04 ) 

called alfo j)J\ **&*' beyzetuThezer, the 
egg of timidity. 

jZ+)f Khormend Gourmand. 

Father Angelo afks, whether Gour- 
mand does not come from this Perlian 
word. Unhomme d'efprit qui avoit voyage 
dans Torient envoya cette derivation aux 
jefuites pour etre inferee dans leur di&io- 
naire de Trevoux. 

*f Kherge Charge. 

Carge is a bag or wallet made with 
two pockets to lye acrofs the horfe, in 
Latin hippopera, Anglice faddle-bags, 
from whence the Englifli word charger 
may have been derived. 

"*ja7 Khetwet Gait. 

Our word comes from the Arabic plu- 
ral Ja^ khety, through the Portuguefe 

geyto, 



( 65 ) 

geyto, which they pronounce foft like a 
jim. 

)J? Khada God, 

Goda is God, and good, in Saxon, 
and palTes through all the Teutonick 
diale&s in both fenfes with certain 
variations. 

♦ 
yU 7 Khymer Chimere, 

Chinjere, now iimar, from the French 
iimarre, was a veil, or covering. At 
the bottom of the title page of the fe- 
cond edition of Richard Jugge's 4to Bi- 
ble, is reprefented a minifter bare-headed 
and habited in a fort of chimere, preach- 
ing to a fmall audience of men and wo- 
men. 

♦ 
"JJ* Khamlet Camlet, 

Camlet is filk and camel's hair, or all 
f filk 



( 66 ) 

filk or velvet. It is now made of wool 
and filke 



y w Khenjer Hanger. 

Khenjer in Perfian is a dagger or a 
poignard, 

w^ Khub Chubby, 

Chub is fair, beautiful, applied by us 
to a fat-faced child, or infant. Kha is 
foftened in our pronunciation, of which 
we have an inftance in rb hherge^ 
charge* 

+ \/J & Khabhhane, Cabin. 
Khabgah 

Khabkhaneh I take to be the origin of 
our word cabin, or cabane in French, 
meaning a bed-chamber, or place to fleep 
in. Hafez, as published by Revizky, 
and Richardfon, p. 41, 1/74, employs 

this 



( 67 ) 

this word in two beautiful lines. 

♦♦ 
Herkera khabgahi aJeher ledon mesliti 

khakest, 

Gou die hajet he her effiaki keshi 

eivanra. 

Every one's laft cabin is two handfuls 

of earth : 
Say, what occafion is there, to extendi 

their palace to the heavens. 

Horace fays the fame thing. 

" Molem propinquam nubibns arduis." 

Odeiii. 2Q. 10. 

Tu fecanda marmora 

Locas fubipfum fumis, et fepulchri 
Immemor, firms domos. 

Ode iL 17, 18. 



v 2 



)f 



( 68 ) 

j£r Khur Cur. 

Korre, dutch, 

Cur is abject, contemptible. Cur in 
Englifh is a name of reproach for a man* 
and a worthlefs degenerate dog of fmalj 
value, 

4/^ Khurd Curd. 

Curd in Perfian means meat or vic- 
tuals. Coagulated milk was the firft 
fubfiftence of men in a flate of nature. 
)j? khurd in Arabic is to fix, or concrete. 
Lj? Khurdel to divide into fmall parts, 
jufi as milk is when coagulated, 

\$*j? \&£? Khosha Khosha Cos! Cosi. 

Khofha khofha in Perfian is well, very 
well, juft fo ; which, the Italians have 
caught by the ear, and made cosi cosi. 
iff? j) der khofhi in pleafantry, £*£ 
goodnefse 



( 6 9 ) 
(/£ Khui Cue. 

Khui, manner, cuftom, mode, hu- 
mour. Cue in Englifh is humour, tem- 
per of mind. We fay, " he is not in a 
good cue." The Persians, " that he is 
in a bad one," (jjr > bad khui. Here 
are two Englifh words together. 

&1& Khelah Clay. 

Clai is Welfh, and kley Dutch, arid 
khelah Perfian. The fame word goes 
all through the four languages. 

£ I j Dagh Dagger. 

^J/Jlis f)) Dagh fhuden, I am 
wounded. The original word is npn 
dakar to flab, and transfix ; dagh in Per- 
fian is a wound, or fear made with a 
dague, or poniard ; daga, daggerius, da- 
gardum, in the Latin of the middle ages, 



F 3 



i-h 



( 70 ) 

?\ % \ $ Dayilih Dark • 

Dayikh in Arabic is dark (night) ; in 
Saxon deorc, not light. 

, h Behl Dell. 

Dehl is a cavity or hole in the ground 
dug for colledling water. The Englifh 
dell or dale is alfo a pit or hole, " dingle 
or bufhy dell ;" 

" In dells and dales concealed from 
human light/* 

Tickell. 

Behl is Arabic. 

:&y Dokhter Daughter. 

This word ^^ dokht or &^ dokhter 
is very ancient, but by what channel the 
Perfians got it may be difficult to deter- 
mine. Its perfed agreement with the 
German dochter deferves attention. We 

find 



( n ) 

find it frequently ufed by Furdoofee^ the 
father of Periian Poetry, who fays, 

[&/*&*) <&£> tf -*tyV. 

Which Sir W. Jones thus elegantly 
\nd literally translates : 

" There Manizha, daughter of Afrafiab, 

Makes the whole garden blaze like 
the fun. 

Sitara, his fecond daughter, fits exalt- 
ed like a queen, 

Encircled by her damfels, radiant in 
glory, 

F4 The 



C n ) 

The lovely maid is an ornament to 

the plains : 
Her beauty fullies the rofe and the 

jafmine." 

See Flowers of Perlian Literature, 
p. 140. 

Ty Der Door, 

Der is a gate, or a door; jy 
t*J)/ £**S % der bift£ kurden, to fhut the 
door, or literally, to make the door 
fall ; £\yj jy der zeden, to knock at 
the gate ; XJfi kefeli of comfort ; «^ 

jj^ berou beder, go to the door, depart. 
Berou is the imperative of ruftun> and 
beder, as we fay, to doors, out of doors ; 
\yj*o fudder, is the name of a Pfeffian 
book ; the word fignifies, a hundred 
doors or gates, to knowledge. 



)J> 



( 7* ) 

jyj Durd, Dred Dreg, 

Dred or dreg, from whence came alfo 
*rpv%, which is in Greek lees. 

kousq Tgvycc y/iXo; sgeflwv. 

Theocr. Id. 7. 70, 

Drinking to the dregs. 

Thus from the Chaldee onn we have 
meturgeman, interpreter, turgeman, Ara- 
bic ; drogueman, Turkifh ; trucheman, 
French; and truckfter, Englilh. Dr in dree, 
and by the infertion of the vowel, derry, 
comes from tree ; in Greet it is fyvQ. 

j>j) Derem Dram. 

Dram is immediately from the Arabic 
direm, without palling through the Greek 
vg&xfAYi or the Latin drachma. 

j &Vj Dasthir Dex t er. 



( n ) 

L>)j <>y Da ed dunya Da. 

Da is give up, throw away the world ; 
LUt! ^ we ehmilha and abandon it. Ha- 
fez, Ode I. 

The word eddunia is ufed on the Cu- 
fic coins perpetually ; Soliman the firft, 
anno 467, Chr. 1074, is called the lhadow 
of God in the world. /♦/>"j V^' *■** * 
Ghiyat eddunia weddin, the fuccour of 
the world and religion. See Adler's 
Tychfen, p. 8718, Tntrod. in RemNum- 
mariam, 1794. 



j$) Difter &i$begoc. 

Difter a book, or roll, a journal fo 
named from the fkin on which it was 
written. The Ionians, Herodotus tells 
us in his Terpfichore, or 6th book, ac- 
cording to ancient cuftom, called books, 

fkins, 



( 75 ) 

fkins, becaufe, for want of papyrus, they 
were obliged to ufe fheep and goats fkins, 
and within my memory (adds the hifto- 
rian) many barbarous people continue 
the practice, i. e. many foreign nations. 
The Greeks and Romans gave the name 
of barbarous to all who were not Greeks 
and Romans, and the Arabians call all 

not born Arabians by the name of A 
that is, Perfian, barbarian ; the word 
larbara in Sanfcreet means barbarian. 
Wilkins. 

♦^sJj Delfin Dolphin. 

The Perfian authors of high antiquity 
fay, that the delfin will take on his back 
perfons in danger of being drowned, 
from whence comes the fable of Arion. 
The word is derived from *]H liillare 
fluere, delf ; becaufe the dolphin was con- 
sidered as the king of the fea, and Nep- 
tune 



( 76 ) 

tune a monarch reprefented under th£ 
image of this fifh. Dolphins were the 
fymbols of maritime towns and cities* 
See Spanheim> 4to. p. 141. ed. 167 1. 

/ ylj Demos ospotg. 

Demas in Greek is a living body, in 
Arabic, the clothing of a living body, or 
man s clothing. 

Tebrizi explains clothes to mean that 
which they cover. 

Khalsani colli men colhekd. 



€€ 



Difengage my veftments from your 
veftments;" that is, Break the veil of 
friendfhip, or the heart, which we mu- 
tually wear as a garment. v Cf. Lette, p. 
184, in carmen Amralkeis. 



' 



( 77 ) 
Deneb Deneb, 

Deneb or dunub is a tail in Perilan, 
We are acquainted with this word 
from the ftar in the tail of the lion, 
and it is mentioned here to Ihow that the 
tail of the wolf, ,*/U-J) w^ dhanbo* 
ferhani in Arabic is the d^i^vxYj vv% and 
'hvKQtpteQ of the Greeks ob colons fimili- 
tudinem, and alio the French proverb* 
entre chien et loup, that is, infra horam 
vefpertinam. See Jeremiah, cap. v. 6* 
For the wolf of the evening. 



tfh 



Dendan Dens, 



Dendan, a tooth in Periian. The 
laughing tooth is the tooth Ihown in 
laughing, and the faw made of ferpents* 
teeth is a very fharp faw. i\)^>) j\$ */ 
errei mar dendan. 

" Sharper 



( 78 ) 

Sharper than a ferpent's tooth/* 

Shakspeare. 



}) 



Du Duo. 



Lj Did Deuil. 

Dul is a widow. Meninlki. The 
French may have borrowed their expref- 
fion of deuil from the Arabic one for wi- 
dowhood, a ilate of mourning. Widows 
in France are allowed money for their 
dole or widowhood. See Trevoux. 

w#m Dulah Dole. 

Dulab is a water bucket, and a turna- 
bout in the walls of monasteries, hofpi- 
tals, and lazarettos, into which people 
put, on the outfide, victuals and necefla- 
ries, and then, turning it on its axis, leave 
them be carried off by thofe within. 
Whence we may have had our phrafe of to 

dole 



( 7Q ) 

dole, and livery-dole at Heavitree, near 
Exeter, 

ej Dd Da. 

Da is the imperative of /♦nJj daden, 
to give. 

^J«) Dik Dyke. 

Dik in the Perfian language is a pot, 
or kettle, a veiTel of content. In Saxon 
die, and Erfe diik ; in Englifh a recepta- 
cle for water, a fort of earth pot, dik si- 
faUn, or ditch, 

„£/f .♦} Dimjat Damietta. 

Dimjat is the Taft/afl/? of Stephanus 
Byzantinus, called by the feventy tcc^vocq 
from tahpanhes in Jeremiah, cap. n. v. 16. 
Tahpanhes omsnn was a principal city in 
Egypt, Daphnae Jelufiacce, where Jere- 
miah was Honed by the Jews, according 

to 



( 80 ) 

to an ancient tradition mentioned by St 
Jerom. Here we fee how Tahpanhes 
was pronounced by the Seventy, the ori-p 
gin of its prefent form in Latin. Dim- 
jat got the name of Pelufium from the 
mud of its foil, which is flill of the fame 
nature. 

\fi Dzera Zera. 

Zera a thing of nothing, a thing 
fcattered by the wind ; in Italian zero 
from the Arabic. 

I j RuIq Robbing, 

Ruba is the participle of *Mj>~ j rubiden, 
to rob, or carry off by force ; ty \) dil 
ruba, robbing the heart : tj /V/^-^ ft" 
man ruba, robbing the head, or intellect, 
taking away the wit, or underftanding 
in Perfian. 

The 



( 81 ) 

The word ruba is the third Angular of 
the verb rubar in Italian. 

Chi ruba un corno, un anello, 

Un cavallo, e fimil cofe, a qualche 

difcrezione, 
Et pud chiaraarli un ladroncello ; 
Ma chi ruba la riputazione, 
Et dell' altrui fatiche fi fa bello, 
Si puo chiamarfi un affaflino e ladrone* 

I quote this paflage from Berni's Or- 
lando Inamorato Rifatto, to point out 
Shakfpeare's imitation, or plagiarifm, 
without being able to fhow that Berni 
exifted in Englifh in our poet's time. 

Who Heals my purfe, fteals trafh,^ 
Othello, A& iii. Sc. iii. p. 520, 
Ed. Stevens. 

\*Sj Rabyt Rabbet, 

To rabbet is to pare down two pieces 
of wood fo as to fit one another. Rab- 

g bet, 



( 82 ) 

bet, a joint made by fb paring two pie- 
ces ; and is derived from rabot in French, 
a plane, which is a Periian word that 
fignifies a ligature, any thing binding, 
conne&ing, regulating. ^^ U^l J^ ly 
The cement of friendship. 

w^ Rah Rob. 

Johnfon was right when he faid ha 
believed rob to be Arabic. *-^'; an ^ 
^^j in its firffc fenfe means to thicken, 
fpiiFavit, infpiflavit, and the abftrad: in 
Englilh infpiflated juices ; for when the 
infufion is evaporated to a thick con- 
fluence, it becomes a jelly, rob, or ex- 
tract 

, yyuj Rebs Ribes. 

Rebs is goofeberries in Arabic. 



( 83 ) 

/j^j Ruls Rub*, 

Rubs is the plural of rebs, and means 
calamities, uneafinefs, in our fenfe. 

" ay, there's the rub." 

SHAKSPEAREo 

olj Raba Robber. 

Caftellus refers us to the fifteenth 
Verfe of thefeventh chapter of St .Matthew 
for the fenfe of this word where we have 
Tivzoi OLftwctysQ rapacious wolves. The 
Germans call a conqueror eroherer, of 
which, to their coft, they know the 
French to be the greateft in the worldo 

^Jj Ref .| Reef: 

Ref in Perfian means a book-prefs, or 
tablets, fo in Englifh ; a ledge, or fhelf 
of rocks, a ridge riling higher than the 
reft ; alfo a fail reduced by drawing the 

g 2 reefs ; 



( 84 ) 

reefs ; alfo a ruff, or puckered linen. 
See a Sermon preached at Whitehall, 
1607, 4to. 1615, call the Merchant Royal, 
^ With plumes, fans, a filken vizard, with 
a ruffe like a faiL" 

JSj ReM Rocked. 

Rekd in Perfian is going to bed, fleep- 
ing ; rocking is procuring fleep. 

pi j Eegu Rag* 



Regu is clout, patch, or piece of old 
cloth in Perfian ; in Greek pxxoc, a tat- 
tered garment. 

[j Runa Runic. 

Runa is a found, efpccially a muflcal 
found ; rana is to make a jingling noife ; 

from 



( 85 ) 

from this word comes £)K/* mirnan, in 
Arabic, a bow that twangs. 

II. «. v. 49. 

The runic poetry was fo called be- 
caufe it left a vibration on the ear, from 
its meafured cadence like a bow. 

(/> j Rindi Brindiii, 

Of the Periian word rindi, a drink, 
the Italians have made brindiii, as if 
brindi-ii, drink, yes drink, your health, 
to you. O Hafez, drink wine, and be 
drunk, and be cheerful, but make not, 
as others do, a falfe fnare of the Koran, 
The firft verfe ends with the disjunctive 
J> weli. 



G 3 w «; 



( 86 ) 

w^y Rub Rubbed. 

Rub, the contracted participle of ruften, 
to rub or fweep. w^J U Khakirub is 
a broom from khak, earth, and rub. 

Guer chenen jelwe Jmned. 
If fuch delights he would bellow, &c, 

KhaMrub der meikhane kunemi mezsh^ 
ganra* 

' I would make a broom of the hair of 
eye-brows for (his) drinking- 
room, 

(Jb^^j Rustai Rufticks. 

Inhabitants of villages ; \~*}j rufta is 
a village in Perfian. 



ft* 



( 87 ) 
U5*£/ Roshana Roxana* 

Rufhana, light, fplendor, marcafite, or 
fire-ftone, and the name of one of the 
queens of Alexander the Great, called by 
the Greeks Roxana. 

fjj Rhoom Room. 

Rhoom in the Ava language has the 
fame meaning as in ours, and fignifies 
fpace or a hall in which juftice is admi- 
niftered. See Svmes's Ava. In the Ma- 
lay language .^41 rooma alfo fignifies a 
houfe, room, or apartment. Vid. Howi- 
fon's Malay Di<ftionary. 

y]j Zonu yovv. 

This term for knees has been proba- 
bly a Jegacy of the Greeks to the Per- 
fians ; I believe the Arabians knew no- 
thing of it in their great ocean of words. 



G 4 yTJ 



( 88 ) 

,J\j Zani Zany. 

Zany is, in Arabic, an adulterer and 
fornicator, and with us a term of re- 
proach, but no contraction of Giovanni 
with Johnfon, or derived from Sanna 
with Skinner. See Shakfpeare, p. 30. 
v. iv. ed. Stevens. See Hudibras, v. u. 
p. 30. ed, Edinburgh, 

M^J^j Zaferan Saffron. 

In low Latin zafframen, zafranum ; 
zaferan in Perlian and Arabic, 

sf] Zejir Zephir. 

Zefir is a current of wind or flame in 
Arabic. 

tjj Zak Sack. 

Zak a lkin of wine; /JflS^ zukak a 
lane, an alley, the fea, or gate; /jflsj^M 

the 



( 89 ) 

the ftraits of Gibraltar; an impervious al- 
ley, or no thoroughfare, the French call 
cul de sac. 

)j*j zumriid Smaragd. 

Smaragdine made of emerald. The 
Latins write Smaragdi, but it fliould be 
zmaragdi. See Broukhoufium ad Tibulh 
I. 1. 51. 

(f J Zinge Chin. 

Zenge or zinge is a Perfian word 
which ferves for two languages. 

j? j Zinlih Chink. 

Zenkh is a hole, or chink in the chin. 
Some men's chins are good to play at 
cherry-pit in, See Twelfth Night, 
A&. iii. iv. 



j 



J 



c go' ) 

L^ Sal Sol/ 



Sal is the year in Perfian, from whence 
comes fol in Latin, although Martianus 
Capella derived it from folus. 

Solem te Latium vocitat quod folus 

honore 
Foil patrem lis lucis apex. 

De Nuptiis, Philol. II. 

The fuccefTors of Mohammed, particu- 
larly Abubeker and Omar, made war 
againli Perlia, and having completely 
conquered the country in the year 536, 
obliged the vanquifhed to receive the 
lunar year inftead of the folar. 

Lfj^J j^ ' Sale kemri, for JL^ 

rf^J**^ fale Ihemfi ; and then to put the 

finishing liroke to the metamorphofe, 

overflowed them with a deluge of Arabic. 

The Egyptians in their hieroglyphics 

taught this do&xine, that the fun was the 

efficient 



( gi ) 

efficient caufe of time and the rear. 
Some of the Egyptian hieroglyphics, fays 
Clemens Alexandrinus, reprefent the fun 
in a fhip, fome on a crocodile, fignifying 
that in paffing through air and water, he 
generates time. Lib. i. p. 566. See 
alfo Jablonfki, Pantheon JBgyptiacum, 
p. 153. Part i. 1750. 

, if* Sigil Sigillum. 

A regifter, the record of a court of 
judicature, the decree of a judge. The 
firft fenfe is a water-bucket, and not a 
little remarkable that the words sceaii 
which Menage brings from sigillum, and 
seau a bucket, are the fame as the 
Arabic. 

£ Se f"j Sponge, 

Sefinge is fponge in Perfian. 



A 



( 92 ) 
X" Sulwr Sawcer. 

Suker in Perlian is a fawcer. The 
etymologifls have nothing to fay on this 
word. Johnfon quotes Hudibras under it. 

" With faucer-eyes and horns." 

Where faucer means eyes as round 
and broad as a fawcer, unlefs it were 
forcer eyes, eyes of a fortune-teller. 

Sorcier 

- - - - qui fata hominum (arte) 

Sortitur, volvitque vices , 

A. hi. 376. Virg. 

^J&^s Silk Silk 8 

Silk is the thread of a worm that turns 
afterwards to a butterfly. This word 
comes to us from the Arabic, through 
the Saxon feolk, in which is a letter 
more than in ^JX^^ 



( 93 ) 

ij\ n m*' Sumah Sumak. 

A fpecies of plant of a fourifti tafte, 
which is flrewed over meat, like pepper* 
In Linnean botany fumak is rhus coriaria, 
and the one mentioned here is the rhus 
tyhinum, or vinegar-tree, fo called, at 
leaft, in America. Summakiyet in Ara- 
bic is meat drefled with fumak, perhaps 
all the fpecies of rhus afford more or lefs 
acidity. 

y Sid Sole. 



J 



Sul in Perfian is the fole of the foot of 
a camel, fheep, goat, &c. The timber 
or Hone at the foot of the door is this 
word alfo. Syl in Saxon, feuil in French, 
fulle in Dutch; which in Tartaryand 
Perfia it is a capital crime to tread on. 
See Rubruquis Voyage en Tartarie, Ta- 
vernier en Perfe. On punit tres fevere- 
ment ceux qui marchent fur le feuil des 

mofquees, 



( 94 ) 

mofquees, ou des palais des roL A piece 
of the black ftone of the temple of Mecca 
was mortifed into the threshold of the 
principal gate of the palace of Almanfor> 
fecond khalif of the houfe of Abbas, 
which nobody on entering might touch 
with their feet. Sul is alfo one thing 
laid under another, as leaves under fruits 
to keep them frefh* 

X*» Sine Sinus . 

♦♦ 

Sine the breaft in Perfian. 

s^Jj^i^ Sharif Sherif. 

Sharif in Arabic is noble, or one that 
is foon to be ennobled. In Saxon fherif 
is the fhire reeve, or county fteward. 

^Li^ Shiar Shirt. 

Shiar is an inward veil in opposition 
to y\m dithar, an outward garment. 

Mohammed 



( 95 ) 

Mohammed called the inhabitants of Me- 
dina his inward garment, or fhirt, all 
other men his outward. Thus Tamer- 
lane addrefles the foldiers of Bajazet, to 
perfuade them to revolt, you are to me 
fhiar. Hill. Tamerlane, Arab, p. 242. 
j^K^y is a poet, from fhaar, to know 
poefy intimately, as an inward garment. 
The French fay, Je le connois comme 
ma poche. 

AS*£s Shaul Shawl. 

Shaul in Perlian is a mantle of wool 
worn by the dervifhes ; a cloak made of 
lilk and goats -hair. 

<i^i &U£^ Shah mat Check-mate. 

The king is dead at chefs, which is 
meant by the corruption check-mate, 
from fchach in German. 



,,h 



( 96 ) 

fcjl^.^ Sitareh Actty]^ 

Nimrod faid he would count the liars, 
/ ^ d ^/ / ^ m0 ^ far befar, tete par tete, one by 
one. Ferdoufi, in Sir W. Oufeley's 
Epitome, p. 18. Of fitareh the Greeks 
made ftatira, and of rofhuna Roxana, 
from U^^ fplendour. 

^>\ / J!is Sherab Syrup, 

w^ f^bs Shurb Shrub. 

Shurb is drinking, any thing drank. 
Dr. Johnfon calls Ihrub a cant word in 
Englifh, but it is as good Arabic as Sy- 
rup or Sherbet. 

,£^ SjJbs Sherabat Syrups. 

>*l^ rJiS Shurbet Sherbet. 

Sherbet in Arabic fignifies a draught 
of water ; and a fyrup of lemon, or 

orange 



( 97 ) 

orange juice, mixed with water and 
fugar. 



IfeC**" Shehal 



Jackal. 



JU^ Sheghal 

From this word Menage derives cigala 
in Italian, on account of the piercing cry, 
common to both animals, and very appli- 
cable to the Italian infecft, which Ariofto 
and the poets of his country hold in fuch 
execration. I have already referred to 
the Greeks in another article where the 
eternal chirpings of the cigala are equally 
detefted. The jackal, in Hebrew tyttf 
Seol, is a gregarious animal and hunts in 
troops. It was with three hundred of 
thefe that Sampfon fet fire to the corn of 
the Philiftines. Ovid mentions an an- 
nual cuftom obferved at Rome, which is 
of the fame fort, and was founded, as he 
fays, upon an accident. This may at 

h leaft 



( 98 ) 

leatt ferve to fhow, that the idea of 
foxes with fire-brands fattened to them is 
not fo extraordinary as to drive us into a 
new* explanation of fhocks for foxes, 
and extremities for tails, which will by 
no means hold, unlefs the fheaves could 
be fent, as the foxes were among the 
corn, rbw>) and he fent. See a writer in 
the works of the learned, 17 10, April. 
Carfeoli, where the jackal fet the corn 
on fire was a fmall town of the Peligni, 
of which Sulmo, the capital, was Ovid's 
birth-place ; here he learned this ttory, 
of which Carefoles in its name perpetu- 
ates the memory, by® ^? Kara feol, city 
of the fox* But I by no means think, 
fays Calmet, that a fingle event of this 
fort could have been the original of a great 
feftival in the circus, an event which hap- 
pened in an obfcure town, recorded in 
the regitter only of an inconilderable 

place. 



( 99 ) 

place. Perhaps, the exhibition of the 
foxes with lighted fire-brands on their 
backs on the laft day of the Cerealia, 
was in commemoration of the extirpation 
of the fox, that had done fo much mif- 
chief to Ceres in other places, as well as 
at Carfeoli. 

Be this however as it may ; Rome was 
not the only city in which animals on 
fire were exhibited at a particular feflival 
of the year. See the defcription of the 
dJL^ w ^jk^ fhubi faza, nox rogorum, 
in Arabic, ^^ ) J<J tiox incenfi ignis ; 
when birds and other animals were turned 
loofe every where with dried herbs and 
leaves fattened to their legs, fet on fire. 
Hyde, p. 256. ed. primae. Relig. Perfarum 
Thefe ceremonies moll probably have 
had no common origin, but each has 
been ocealioned by fome local peculiarity 
that has given rife to them all. See 

h 2 Fail! 



( 100 ) 

Fafti Ovidii, lib. iv. with Bayeux's notes ; 
and Calmet, on Judges xv. v. 4. Merrick, 
on Pfalms, p. 124. Bochart Hierozoic. 
Part i. lib. iii. c. xiii. p. 855, ed. 1675. 

Calmet, to whom I have referred, 
thinks Carfeoli too infignificant to have 
given birth to the exhibition mentioned 
in Ovid. 

Cur igitur miflae vin6tis ardentia taedis 
Terga ferant vulpes, caufa docenda 
mihi> 

But Carfeoli was but 50 miles from 
Rome, and fo great an evil could not be 
commemorated with too much often- 
tatiom 

J£ S finger Sugar. 

Shuger is Perfian, and fhuker is Ara- 
bic. Johnfon fays, fomewhere in his 
works, that fugar is the moft infipid of 
fweets ; but the Turks are hardly of this 

opinion, 



( 101 ) 

opinion, when they call their favourite 
women by the endearing name of fukar 
birpara, that is, a bit of fugar ; bir one, 
para piece. See Vaughan's Turkifh 
Grammar, p. xviii. Preface. The Per- 
sians, like the Turks, are remarkably 
fond of fugar, and frequently apply it to 
their miftrefles : thus they often fpeak of 
their damfels as being pofiefTed of J^s 
.♦|U fhuger lebaun fwcet lips, or as 
having ^/y^J^ ,*h) duhun fheereen fweet 
mouths. Vid. Jones's Grammar, p. 85. 
Dorothy, Countefs of Sunderland, one 
of the head-pieces in the 4 to edition of 
Waller's Poems was the true SachariiTa ; 
the one at Windfor is another Countefs 
of Sunderland, daughter of George Lord 
Digby, and daughter-in-law to Dorothy, 
who gave her own portrait by Vandyek 
to Waller ; Dorothy was daughter of 
Robert Sidney Earl of Leicefter, wife of 
Lord Spencer of Wormleighton, a minor, 

ii 3 



( 102 ) 

Shemshir Scimitar. 

Johnfon fays fcimitar is erroneoufly 
fpelt, and ought to be cimiter from ci- 
mitarra in Spanifh, Here we have a 
proof that our word comes ftr^it from 
Perfia, and not from Spain. 



»ft^ 



Shud Should, 



Shud is the third lingular of the pre-* 
fent tenfe of the potential mood from the 
verb $J^&s "to be. It is remarkable 
that in the compound preterperfe#, the 
Perfians exprefs our I have been, by I am 
been ; ^ ts+J^ fhudeh am ; juft as the 
Italians do by their fono ftato ; in French 
j'ai ete. 

The idiofyncrafies of the Perfian and 
Arabic, compared with other languages, 
would make a tracft of itfelf: fuch as 
^*J&y tugalet, your umbrella, or the 

umbrella 



( 103 ) 

umbrella of you. Thus in the Greek, 

TvfiOLVvoe YiV troT, oiXkoc vvv hv7^Y\ <re§sv* 
I was a queen before, but now the 
Have of thee ; or thy Have. 
Hecuba, v. 809. Euripides. 

The word galet is Arabic, and the 
plural of L Ip a parapluie, or Ihade from 
rain. In the Perfian translation of St. 
Matthew, chapter ii. v. ]6. inftead of 
Herod fent forth and flew, we have, 
vw^i a ^^Ju kalhet, vu furiftaud, flew 
and lent forth ; the laft firft, as in Virgil 
of Rhadamanthus, 

Caftigatque auditque dolos — 

moriamur, et in media arma 

ruamus. 

Here was he bred, and born, brought 
up and nurs'd. 

In the eighteenth chapter of the 
Koran we find the varspov 'urporsgov, or 

k 4 this 



< 104 ) 

this figure, \yJj y^^i)] ^(palimmV- 
ghaibi wafhfhahadati, who knows the fe- 
cret, and the manifeft ; God who is ac- 
quainted with what is open to all, and 
what is hid from all, 

Et torrere parant flammis, et frangere 
ferro. 

Virgil, Mn. 1. v. 179- 

ThePerfian and Arabic, however, are 
not the only languages in which this fi- 
gure occurs in profe, we find it too in 
modern French, in Batteux's tranflation 
of the 251 ft line of the Art of Poetry, 
lyllaba longa brevi fubje&a, vocatur iam- 
bus, Une fy 11 abe longue fuivie d'une 
breve, eft ce qu'on appelle iambe ; or ra- 
ther a trochee, 

fM^b Sabun Sapo, Savon. 
Sabun is Arabic. 



( 105 ) 

jjl»q Sad Sad, 

In Arabic >*u? ^U^ azaub fad, is 
extreme pain. 

\>j£ Zart Crepitus, a pofteriori. 
Zart is an Arabic word. 

^^ Zarafy Zerif Carafe. 

Zaraf is a fkin to carry water in. 
The Arabians have alfo ^j5 karaf or 
keref, a bag to carry pickled meats in. 

"j^ Zurfet Surfeit. 

Surfeit in our language is generally 
derived from fur and fait over done, but 
furfait in French is an old word, which 
means another thing, as crime, forfait, 
&c. Zurfet in Arabic fignifies too much 
of any thing ; abundance of wealth, em- 
barras de richefles. - 



( io6 ) 

X^ Suit Subfultus. 

The Arabic fult is preferred in the 
compounds fubfultus and infult. Suit is 
the leap of g, horfe. 

3y»a Sqfi Sophift or Soph. 

Sofi has no derivation but from fof, 
wool, iri Arabic, or fofa in Perfian. Greek 
XoQoq implies a philosopher, or wife man. 
In Turkifh and Perfian, it is a Dervifh, or 
Fakeer. Several kings of Perfia have 
afTumed the name of Soil from Ifmael in 
1500, who belonged to the order of der- 
vifhes, or fofis, and founded the dynafty 
which poffeffed the crown till Nader 
Shah ufurped it in 1736. It is a vulgar 
error to fuppofe, that all Perfian monarchs 
are neceflarily called fofis. 

/^ fyfr Cypher. 
Sjfr is Arabic. 



( 107 ) 
;fU Salata Sallad. 

Salata is Arabic. This word is or- 
dinarily brought from fale, et Salgama 
in Aufonius's Epigram, herbs and fruit 
drefled with fait and vinegar. Epi- 
gram, 125. 

jJb Tas TaiTe. 

Tas in Arabic and Pcrfian is a cup or 
goblet, to which the Arabians compare 
the vault of heaven, that refembles a de- 
prefled arch. 

^ Tele Tapes. 

The word Tebe, ufed by many nations, 
is affigned by Henry Stephens, in his 
Traft de Latinitate falfo fufpecla to the 
Perfians, c Nonnulla funt vocabuW 
There are fome words which the Greeks 
have borrowed from the Perfians, or other 
foreigners, the Romans from the Greeks, 

and 



( 108 ) 

and we from the Romans* among which 
our tapis is allowed to be one* Tebe is 
a carpet with pile on one fide only, Am- 
phitaba (not amphitapa, becaufe the Per- 
sians taba per btapete vocant) ex utraque 
parte villofa tapeta. We have in Luci- 
lius, lib. i. p. 25. fol. 

Pfilae atque amphitapae villis ingentibu' 
molles. 

Pfilae carpets with pile on one fide, 
amphitapa on both. Vid. Reland de 
Samaritanis, p. 39. 

y\Ja Tirad Tiring. 

Tirad is a man who tires the patience 
of his hearers by a tedious delivery* 
From the Arabic kterr, fecuit,fc. faccum- 
burfarn, comes j\Jb terrar a cut-purfe* 
Jb Signifies alfo compulit, he compelled, 
or drove together, he infefied, he at- 
tacked, 



V 109 ) 

tacked, which is the meaning of the 
Greek word rsigu. 

rj[Jb Tyriak Treacle. 
In Greek Sngioixa. 

J& Tylsem Talifman. 

Talifman is a magical image, on 
which are engraved letters, and myftical 
characters, as charms againft enchant- 
ments in Arabic. 

fj& Talc Talc. 

Talc, a fpecies of fofiil arranged under 
the magnefian earths. The Venetian 
talc is not fo called becaufe it is found in 
the Venetian territory, as it is rarely met 
with in that country, and the Mufcovy 
talc of which the ancients made their 
windows inftead of glafs, abounds in the 
illand of Cyprus. See Seneca, Epift. p. 

500. 



( no > 

500, y* l. 8vo» Yar. 1619* with LipfWs 
Comment. 

hjb Tooti Tooting. 
♦» 

Tooti is a parrot, a bird who (peaks by 

rote. 

The coxcomb-bird fo talkative and 

grave, 
That from his cage calls cuckold, 

whore, and knave, 
Tho' many a paffenger he rightly call> 
You hold him no philofopher at all. 

Jj ,hy Tooti- var is parrot like* To 
toot, verb aftive, means to make inarti- 
culate founds with the mouth like a learner 
on the flute. 

This writer fhould wear a tooting-horn. 

HOWEL. 

I call 



( 111 ) 

I call to go a fhooting, 
Long wand'ring up and down the 

land, 
With bow and bolts in either hand* 

For birds and bullies tooting. 

Johnfon explains it by P r }i n S an( ^ 
peeping, which can hardly be the mean- 
ing ; it is true indeed, that a hunter, that 
is beating the bullies, pries and peeps, 
but that does not exprefs the action of 
tooting. 

, J^ Tul Tall. 

The Arabic fenfe of tul is the fame as 
tall in Englilh, or t&l in Welih. 

9 

/Vp Anik The Neck, 

Anik comes to us from the Arabic 
without palling through the Greek, as 
thus, anik, neck, the ain being dropped. 

The 



( 112 ) 

The Greeks not liking ocvvrJX tranfpofed 
the laft letters and made OLvyjf\v. This 
fort of metathefls is not without example, 
when foreign words were to be intro- 
duced into the languages of Europe* 
Thus dipuc of the Bramins made cupid 
of the Latins. It cannot be faid here 
that the miftake is owing to the mode of 
writing, as in Perfian and Arabic, where 
V?IX forwards is yr\v backwards ; lince 
in Shanfcrit they write from left to right 
like Europeans. 

CJX/* Urliwi Mufti urhun, fly fungus. 

I have little doubt but that our word 
mufhroom has been formed from the 
Arabic, by prefixing mouche after the 
French moufcheron, fignifying a knat, or 
fmall fly, found on fungufes, as well as the 
fungus itfelf. 



( 113 ) 

JaP Atar Ottar, odour. 

The moll expenfive perfume in ufe at 
this time in the Eall, is the pure eflential 
oil, or thick fubftance called iP J& ottar 
gul, or odour of rofes, more precious than 
gold. See Aliatic Refearches, vol. I. 
p. 332 ; and there Colonel Polier. Alfo 
Periian Mifcellanies, p. 42. This oil, as 
I have been informed by Sir Hugh Inglis, 
and to whom I owe the remark, is of a 
green colour, and has a greenilh call, 
for which reafon the epithet pjn virens 
is given by the Pfalmifl to the oil with 
which he lays, he lhall be anointed, that 
is, with the finell perfume ; and fo the 
word is rendered by Arias Montanus in 
his interlinear yerlion, oleo viridi, by the 
Septuagint oleo pingui, sAsw nsriovi. The 
word green is therefore perfectly correct, 
and flioiild be underftood' literally, and 

i not 



{ 114 } 

not as Harmer propofes to do, metaphor^ 
cally. See Harmer, voL II. p. 204, 5, 6. 
Pfalm xciL 10. Bowyer's Conjedures, 
Appendix, Mark xiv. 3. 

*"s"J& Afreit A fright. 

Afreit in Arabic is a giant, or de- 
mon, or imaginary fpe&re of a horrible 
appearance* 

^yk Amud Humid. 

Amud is moift, wet ground, in Ara- 
bic ; which, in Englifh, by afpirating the 
guttural ain makes humid. 

Umum Common* 



r** 



Umum common, univerfal. & as 
guttural a frequently takes the found of 
i, 6, or u, which firongly afpirated makes 
umum and common found alike. Umum 
is Arabic, that has borrowed very little 
from the Latin. 






( 115 ) 

Aik is the fea fhore in Arabic, and 
the fame thing in Greek. Virgil and 
Cicero have Latinifed it ; the former in 
JEn> v. v. 6l 3, 

At procul in fola fecretae Troades a&a 
Amiflum Anchifen flebant, itantesqiie 

profundum 
Pontum adfpe6tabant flefttes* 

Here you have flebant and flentes, but 
the ancients were generally very nice in 
this particular, as might be eafdy fhewm 
Horace, however, is fometimes caught in 
a jingle, which he could hardly have ap* 
proved. Carmen, Sec. ii. 63. 

Qui falutari levat arte feflbs 
Corporis artus* 

*Xp Yket Thicket* 

Yket, a grove, or thicket in Arabic, 
1 2 becomes 



( n6 ) 

becomes Englifh by prefixing the article 
the yket, thicket. 

♦ ^p Ain Eyne. 

The original Arabic word is preferved 
unchanged in eynei the obfolete plural of 
eye. 

\^ /^ *#> if* ft 

Dolt thou fleep unmindful of me, 

(away from me) whilft the Itars arc 

awake; whilft the eye of the ftar watches. 

Najmon of the liars with J I prefixed, 

denotes the Hyades. f* najama means 

to appear, and rife, like J? dhahara, and 

*At? talaa. The verfe is interrogative, 

but I is omitted before the firll word on 
account of the metre. 

The line quoted above is not unlike a 
palTage in Coluthus de Raptu Helena?, v. 

34, 



( 117 ) 

3 4, who employs the fame fort of 
imagery. 

'AffTSgSC VXVUQVGl XOti €V CKOZeXOKTIV !&V£t * 

'Acrrs^f oLvTsXhovai, xoct ov tarrtXwogcroG 
ix&vet. 

Coluthus lived at the end of the fifth 
Century and the beginning of the lixth, 
under Analialius, at Lycopolis in Egypt, 
and Hofain with the title of ,^/^ was 
yizir or counfellor to Mafud"Ebn Mo- 
hammed of the Seljucidae at Maulil in 
Mefopotamia, in the year 5 1 5 of the He- 
jira. The fecond verfe of the Arabic is, 
■ Thou art changed, but the colour of 
the night is the fame." See Pococke's 
note. The Greek is, " The liars are fet, 
and he Hill loiters among the rocks ; the 
liars are rifen, and he is not vet come 
back/' 

The refemblance of Arabic to Greek 
and Latin occurs in a variety of inliances, 

i 3 of 



( 118 ) 

of which the following are worthy of 
remark : " I approached him that I might 
requefi of him a torch, or fire to fupply 
v$y focus, or kindle mine from his fire," 
Aflembly i. of Ebno'l Hariri, the fon of 
a filk merchant. See his name at length 
in Schultens and Chappelow. 

Homo qui Erranti comiter monflrat 

viam, 
Quafi de fuo lumine lumen accendat,, 

facit, 
Ennius, p. 297, 4to. Cicero prp 
Balbo, lib. de OiF. 3. 

Al-Bafri Al-Hariri lived from 446 to 
516 of theHejira, of A. D. 1122. 

Aflembly at Sanaa, Trtegalon, orations 
or verfes delivered extempore from ra- 
gala pedibus aftitit, 

— — - in hora faepe ducentos 
Vt magnum, verfus di&abat Stans 
pede in uno. 

See 



( H9 ) 

See Schultens, 4to, Franequer, 1731. 
Hor. S. 1.4. v. lo. 

The Arabians fay, penetrating through 
the Zend, never fails, in allufion to the 
pra&ice of rubbing fire out of an inftru- 
ment, called the Zend, viz. one piece of 
wood put into the hollow of another, 
which, by chafing is made fo hot as to 
emit fire. Zeradufht wrote a book, to 
which he gave the name of Zend, on the 
principles of the Pcrflan religion, inti- 
mating that the Zend or fire kindler was 
the true divine light, which defcended 
to him from heaven. Mohammed did 
the fame, and called the Koran, the I >X* 
tanzil, or heaven-defcended Kitab. 

Ghirhal Cribellum, 



j* 



Ghirbal a fieve in Arabic. Cribrum, 
cribellum. The diminutive firft appears 
to have been ufed by Palladius in the 3d 

i 4 Century. 



( 120 ) 

Century. The Chaldee for fieve is *6:ny 
arbala afpirated gharbala. 

An Arabic poet, Caab Ben Zoheir, p, 
9, 4to. Lugd. Batav. 1748. fays, that his 
njiftrefs Soad will not keep her word, but 
as a sieve does water. 

Kama temsoliVrnaTghirbal, 



j^ 



Gazaul 



Gazaul is an Arabian deer. See John- 
fon and Spanheim, p. 156, 4to. 1671. de 
Nummis. 

J* Ghell Gall, guile. 

Ghell in Arabic is hatred, envy, ma~ 
levolence, fraud, and treacherv. In Per- 
Man we have ip > without guile. 



cfi 



( 121 ) 

ks> Ghelehken Jalousie, 



Ghelebken a latticed window ; called 
in French architecture jalousie, formed by 
a vicious pronunciation of the Persian 
word making that foft which fhould be 
hard, as geleley, jalousie. Le maitre 
voit par line jalousie tout ce qui fe paflc 
dans fon ecole, le grand feigneur dans fon 
Divan. Diet, de Trevoux. 

Ip^p GJutgfta Gewgaw, 

A Persian word and equally an Ara~ 
bic, for noife, contefi, cry, fquabble, of 
little import, for trifles. 

y^p Gulu Gullet, gula. 

Ghul in Arabic is an imaginary 1} Ivan 
god or demon very ravenous, fuppofed 
to devour men and animals, appearing 
under the form of a ferpent, a dragon, or 

a wolf, 



( 122 ) 

a wolf, and cheating and deceiving iq all ; 
hence, to gull or cheat. 

j, ^ Ghavier Cavern . 

Ghuweir in Arabic is a little cavern, 
from whence caverna may have ori- 
ginated. 

*£•& Fat Fate. 

(*)%. Faris, a Hoy^se Haras. 

Haras in French is a receptacle for 
brood-mares, a breeding-ftable ; and a 
horfe, or mare ; whence we derive our 
word for that animal. Fars in Arabic 
means Perfia, becaufe, after the time 
of Cyrus they became great horfernen, 
and their names terminated in afp, which 
fignifies horfe, as, for inftance, Darius, fon 
of Hyftafpes. See more in a curious 
note of Sir William Oufeley's on this 
fubject. Hyde, Relig. Vet. Perf. p. 303. 

Ed. 



( 123 ) 

Ed. 1/00, de voce Ghefhtafp fignificante 

Fa£ius equo. 

♦ 
v £ Fani Vain, 

♦ ♦ 

Frail, tranfitory ; in Perfian we have 

£}\? ,J\b /^l this vainjihan, or world. 
♦♦ 
Zyh Fortuneh Fortuna. 

Fortuna in Italian means a fea-lquall, 
burrafca di mare, after the Perfian for- 
tuneh. See Angel o's Gazophylacium. 

//*•)} Ferdaws Paradifus. 
Firdaws is a pure Perfian word. 

-r 3 Fereh Freuen fich, fich freuen. 
Fereh or freh in Arabic is gladnefs, 
cheerfulnefs, &c. and the Perfians have 
alio ^SsjJSs <r ) to be glad, from whence 
comes the reflective verb, freuen fich, and 
frcude joy; frey free, &c. &c. 

Mp Fum, Furwiy Furnus. 
jrurn, an oven, is Perfian, and moll 
probably the original word. 



( 124 ) 

Mtf Fuzun Foifon. 

Fuzun comes from i*Jitf to increafe, 
and means abundance, multitude, magni- 
tude. The French etymologifts knew 
nothing of their word, and are con- 
ftrained to bring it from foetus, fuiio, 
&c. &c. 

/JXvJ Ftsteh Piftachio. 
U)y Fuania, Favania Pseonia, 

Ci^y Fawt Fatum. 

Fawt is death, paffing away. The 
Romans have a good derivation for fa- 
tum. Quid aliud eft fatum, quam quod 
de unoquoque noftrum Deus fatur. 
Minucius Felix, c.,36. ^atum eft quod 
Dii fantur. 



■>* 



( 125 ) 

3y Fuz Phyz* 

Fuz or fuzh with a J zha is the ori- 
ginal of phyz, a contraction of <pucri£> 
The Perfian word means the contour of 
the mouth, and is not fo infignificant as 
it has been reprefented. See Johnfom 

2& Kazz Satan. 

Kazz is an Arabic word fignifying 
Satan, or the Devil, {iJ^J^ fheitan, and 
an Italian interjection. 

£)J% Kalan xotXov. 

Kalun means in Perfian fair, beauti- 
ful, as xaXov in Greek. It is alfo a fa- 
bulous ifland, where there is a caftle of 
{even metals, into which, whofoever en- 
ters, is immortal, and the firft planted 
tree in the world, with leaves as large as 
fhields, and bright as mirrors. 



( 126 ) 

^,15 Kohah Alcoba, Aicove. 
♦ ♦ 

Kobab in Arabic is a vault, or cupolat, 
alcoba in Spaftifh, in Englifh alcove. It 
is alfo a tent, or recefs, as in Numbers, 
c. xxv. y. 8. And he went after the man 
of Ifrael into the tent, and thruft both of 
them through the man of Ifrael, and the 
■woman through her tent. Where nnp 
and nrnp mean the chamber of the tent, 
and the chamber of the woman. The 
oriental languages delight much in this 
figure of paronoma(ia> when words of 
like endings have oppofite fenfes* Hi- 
mam, death; and hummam, bath. Kalad, 
Paradife ; and kalud, eternity. We do 
not find this play upon words often in 
Greek and Roman authors, though here 
and there an example will occur, as in 
Homer, Od. T. v. 565. 

Twv 



( 127 ) 

T&v biph xehfaari Jia urgtarrov 
EAE<MNTOS. 
Off EAE$AIPONTAL 

And the x. of the Iliad, v. 501. 

MueAoy OION efevxe, xou OION movx 

More inftances may be found in Latin 
writers, fuch as in Aufonius. 
amentes ubi lucus opacat amantes. 

Theognis, v. 76 i. 

^^ Cahab Cabob. 

Secuit, amputavit ; whence came the 
fenfe of excavation in w/LS anarch, and 
alcoba in Spanifh, an alcove ; and not 
from al khab, fleep, in Stevens's Dic- 
tionary* Cabob is an Arabic diih, intro- 
duced from the Eaii by Pococke, made of 
a fe&ion of a line of mutton, half roafted, 
then Huffed with fweet herbs, and ltewed, 
when well dreffed; 

KB. 



( 128 ) 

N. B. wl? cab inPerfian is the ankle 
hone of a fheep, and w* ^ in Arabic is an 
Irak ox. 

JS Kedd A Kid's fkin. 

Kedd means in the Arabic language, 
the fkin of a kid cut into thongs ; and 
hence with us the kid itfelf, Ji mp Per 
longum fecuit. 

<*j$ Kurn Corfru, Horn. 

Korn or kurn is an Arabic word, and 
one of thofe which is the fame in a variety 
of languages, like fack, wine, earth, eye, 
&c. 

*pf Knis, Kurs Cruft. 

A cruft of bread, a round ball of parte, 
in Arabic. 



j b 



( 129 ) 
J(j Kal Call. 

Hence called, in Englifli, from the 
Arabic. 

And fhe was called TJneize. 

See a pleafant fiory of Amralkeis, the 
lover of Uneize, and his mode of court- 
ing her, which he could only do, mm 

/J*$\ alghedir, and that was the day 
Daret Zulzul. From Tebrizi, apud 
Lette, p. 175. 

*jS Kedeh Cadus. 

Kedeh, a large cup or goblet, in Latin 
a calk* 

Der bezm ikdm jkedeh Jcesh ve leru. 



& 



In the banquet of life draw a cup or 
two, and depart, 

k Kefh 



( 130 ) 

Kefh is from Kefiden to draw, the 
vintner's term. 

Parce cadis tibi deftinatis. 

Hor* 

, Jbj) Kartas Paper. 

In Greek X&gTYie derived from 

yjxpQMTcr®, becaufe it is written on. This 

is like Voltaire's accounting for the firft 

hiftories being compofed inverfe, becaufe 

w 
they were eafier to be remembered* See 

Voltaire's preface to Edipe, and Newton's 
Milton, v. 1. p. 12, who re-echoes Vol- 
taire, and attributes the life of poetry, 
prior to profe, to the intention of aiding 
the memory, in which he fuppofes it to 
have been tried; now the queltion is, 
what induced the ancients to make the 
trial? 

Cartas 



( 131 ) 

Cartas is, perhaps, an original Arabic 
word, of which the Greeks fought for 
the origin from the ufe they made of it. 
See other fenfes in the Lexicons, r/^} 
paper, &c. from bji karat fecuit. 

f f Kurt urn Carthamus. 
Wild and ballard fafFron. 

,♦/ I jji Karavan Caravan . 

Caravan in Perlian is a body of tra- 
vellers. 

+j> Kyrym Crimea. 

The Tauric or Cimmerian Cherfonefe, 
J\p f-3 The Khan of the Crim. Tartars* 
+J$) ] f. The Euxine fea in Arabic. 

Kashish Cafcus. 



Cafcus in Latin is vetus, and the fame 
in the Chaldee, awp, the Arabic, and Of- 

k 2 can 



( 132 ) 

can languages, rA^ j&$> Afl Athena 
afhara kafhifh, Mark appointed twelve 
Prefhyters with Hanania. See Eutychii 
Origines Ecclef. Alexandrine p. 2g> 4to> 
Londini, 1642. 

y Ket Cat. 

Ket is from the Arabic \£ ferving Well, 
as a domeftic, which is the chara&er of 
a cat. 



cP 



Cotton Cottofh 



US Kyfd Coif. 

Coif is the covering of the back part 
of the head, which in Arabic is kyfa, 
and in Englifh cuff through the French 
coeffe. Caftell has given cuff (coeffe, 
Johnfon) with cuff a blow, and in his 
dictionary writes \& pars cervicis, a cuffe 
colaphus* 



( 133 ) 

^few Kaftan Caftan. 

A robe of honour which Eaftern 
princes prefent to ambaffadors. 



? 



Kelem Calamus, 



Kelem a pen, a reed, an Arabic word, 
the original probably of the Greek and 
Latin. 

^_5 Kumin Chimney, 
Caminum. 
Koipuvog. 
Cammino. 

wU5 Kunab Cannabis, kennep. 

A tent- rope, a cord, a bow- firing, a 
name given to the plant which the Ro- 
mans twilled into ropes, borrowed evi- 
dently by the termination from a fo- 
reign language. Kunab is Arabic, 

k3 tfjd 



( 134 ) 

(Jj3 Kandi Candy. 

Kaftdi, made of fugar. Sugared. John- 
fon fancies this word may come from 
candare, quafi candidare, to whiten, but 
the fweetefi fugar is not the whitefi but 
the browneft. 

lj$ Kendil Candle. 

Candil a lamp, lanthern, chandelier, 
or branched candlefiick ; Arabic. 

/^yiy Kuamin, A Canon, 
Kanun A Harp. 

Kanun a canon, rule, regulation, fta-* 
tute, or ordinance, in Arabic, Kawaniu 
harps, canons. 

tj^y Kiiknus Kvxvqq. 

Cygnus. 

Kuknus is the phoenix. In the Eaft 
this bird is faid to have fifty orifices in his 

bill, 



( 135 ) 

bill, which are continued to his tail ; that 
after a thoufand years he builds himfelf a 
funeral pile, lings a melodious air of dif- 
ferent harmonies through his fifty organ- 
pipes, flaps himfelf with his wings till he 
fets fire to the pile, and confumes, in or- 
der to give birth to a young phoenix, which 
rifes from his afhes. The Greeks applied 
the mufical virtues of this bird to their 
favourite fwan, that is feen on a coin of 
Delos. As to his vocal powers, I fay, 
with ./Elian ; 'Eyw, Se ol^qvtoq xvzvov ovk 
rimcra,, ¥<jmq Js ovSs olXKoq. I never 
heard a fwan ling, and perhaps nobody 
elfe. Mr. Jodrell has colledled all that 
has been faid on the fubjed: of the cygnea 
cadtio, by Leland, Aldrovandus, Olaus 
Wormius, and Bartholinus, in a long and 
learned note to the 14Qth verfe of the 
Ion of Euripides. See Jodrell, vol. I. 
p. 43. 



K4 *S4 



C 136 ) 

yy Cucu Cuckow. 

Cucu is a name made evidently from 
the note of the bird, in Englifh cuckow, 
juft as Sjf gugu is from of the wooing 
of a wood-pigeon, or ring-dove, in the 
fame language, 

$^p Kohiveh Cafe. 

r Jj j d^J Kohweh rungi, of a coffee- 
colour ; the colour of coffee, or a dufky 
colour* 

\U3 Catalan Collis, 

The vertex of the hill, the top or 
fummit of a thing in Arabic from B Wp 

^Ji% Katif Caitiff, 

Katif, abhorring in Arabic ; abhorred 
in Englifh. Vile Caitiff! Spencer. 

Wicked'ft, 



( 137 


) 


Wicked'il, Shakfpeare. 


Wretched, Hu 


dibras. 




ft Kar 


Care. 



Kar is a bufinefs, trade, art/ concern, 
occupation, employment, in Perfian, and 
has the fenfe we give to care in j) Ojl 
i\))y*£s (/it^azad ez kari fhuden, to be 
free from care. 



D 



% Kaze Cafa. 



A fmall gardener's hut covered with a 
coarfe cloth, to which the world is fome- 
times compared. In French we have 
cafe. Feftus derives cafa in Latin from 
cavatione, becaufe excavated rocks were 
men's iirft habitations ; and from cado 
cafum, which is abfurd : it is much bet- 
ter to fay it is Arabic, and nearer the 
truth. 



A' 



( 138 ) 

^/Y Cak Cake, English. 

Clich, TEUTONIC. 

^Jj/ Kak Bifcuit. 

In the highlands they call a luncheon; 
in Spanifh Lonja, by the name of chak. 
" At Dalmally we had a chak." Travels 
in Scotland. The Perfian word means 
tortella panis, or twifh It is worth re- 
marking, that Lonja is one of the few 
Spanifh words to be found in our lan- 
guage ; much is from mucho, and cargo 
and embargo are both from Spain, and 
here we Hop, if you except mugger the 
Spanifh pronunciation of mulier, and well 
known by the vulgar faying of hugger 
mugger, man and wife, hugga is the 
hulla of the Perfian, to whom the di- 
vorced wife was married. t*j^) iJ^' 
Behelali daden is to give in marriage/* 






( 139 ) 

Lfy* ^ Kahus Incubus. 
Kabus the night-mare, or incubus, 
made from the Arabic by prefixing in, 
that gives it the appearance of a Latin 
word, which, perhaps, it may be. 

• I^ory Kaiv, Gaw, Cow, 

c^ «!^Kaw madeh, or madeh gaw, is 
3 cow, kaw being the male. Thus the 
French fay, un tigre femelle, oftener than 
tigreile, but the Perfians always fheere 
madeh for a lionefs, 

j*J Guraz TxvftQQ. 

Guraz in Perfian means a haughty air 
in walking, a ilrut, and w r hat the Italians 
call pavoneggiarfl. Guraz is alfo a hog, 
in old French gore. 

Lf\f 



( 140 ) 

£f\f Kirlas; Carhafus* 

*ine linen, or cotton,, Carbafus velum 
ex carbafo factum ; lini genus mirae te- 
mutatis. It was firft found in Spain. 
See Pliny, lib. xix. The word is Per-* 



fian. 



i*]})jf Gnerdoun Guerdon. 

Guerdoun, or gerdun, in Perfian is 
fortune, and its gifts, good or bad. 

Depart from the houfe of fortune, and 
alk not for her bread. 

Hafez. 

m^C Is bread. The Perfians do not 
fay with the Romans, panem et circenfes, 
but £\j: • £& nan o zen, panem et foe- 
minam. 



// 



KurJium Crocum. 



We have crocum and crocus in Latin, 

and 



( 141 ) 

and xgoxov and xgoxog in Greek. Homer 
mentions the crocus, the lotus, and the 
hyacinth. IL x. . \\ 348, of which cro- 
cum is Perlian. 



r/ 



Garm Warm, 



Garm is German, or gram, and flgni- 
fies chagrin, anger, choler, the g in En- 
gl ifh becomes a w y as in war, guerre ; 
ware, gare ; wafp, guefpe; Wales, Galles ; 
wardrobe, garderobe ; waites, guet. Wal- 
nuts* traces Galliae, French nuts. 

y+f Kermez Cramoifi. 

Kermez in Arabic is red. In low La- 
tin we have cremefinus, carmofinus. Les 
Bollandiftes, A<ft. SS. Mart. T. lii. p. 807. 
Tranflate pazinus fericus cremonas textus, 
etoffe de foie faite a cremone ; fuppofing 
that cremoifi comes from cremona. 
Kermes is an in feci produced from the 

excrefcences 



( 142 ) 

excrefcences of the fcarlet oak, quercus 
cocci fera. 

jL\&f KashanS Cafino. 

Kaflian is a winter habitation in Per- 
fia, and kafhane a hall, or parlour, that 
is, a fmaller apartment, juft like the Ve- 
netian calinos about the piazza, or St* 
Mark's place. 

,1a/ Cafer CafFre. 

Cafer is incredulous, an unbeliever, 
fuch as inhabit the lower parts of ^Ethi- 
opia, and the Eaft and Weft coaft of the 
Southern point of Africa. 

w« Kek, Cack, 

Qui ventrem exonerate Cacare. 

" fome cack againft the wall, 

And as they crouchen low for bread 
and butter call." 

Pope. 
This 



( 143 ) 

This is a Perfian word expreiled in 
Greek with a 2, as in Arabic L£ ke^a. 

Kal Calms. 



/ 



Kal, bald, baldnefs, in Perlian, owing 
to fcurf and fcales on the hands and the 
head. 

^y ! y Kub Cup. 
Kub in Perfian is a cup, 

^•y Kont or Gout Gout. 

Kout is gouty, infirm in the feet, un- 
able to rife. 

^y Kiipe Cupping-glafs. 
A furgeon's cupping-glafs in Perfian. 

( xf Giti rij. 

Giti the earth, the univerfe, is per- 
haps a word borrowed from the Greek, 

with 



( 144 ) 

with a Perfian termination given to it, 
Giti fitan is the conqueror of the earth, 
Giti nama is Ihowing the world, imply- 
ing a mirror fuppofed to belong to Alex- 
ander the Great, which reflected from its 
furface every thing that was doing on the 
face of the earth. 

Kir Kv^iog. 

Kir is a lord in Arabic and means 
baal-peor in one w^ord. 

if\-/f Kir as Cerafus 

Kiras a cherry, fo called from Cerafus 
Ponti, KEPA20TNTI ON on the coins 
of Hadrian and Marcus Aurelius. Lu- 
cullus firft introduced cherries from cera- 
fus into Italy. 



erf 



Kis KhttIq. 



Kis is xfcrrri, cilia, cheft, in Arabic, 
Greek, Latin, and Englifh. 



uf 



i 145 ) 
La Keemeea, or Kirnia, Chemiftry. 

*V/ Kalah Cawl 

Cawl is faid by Johiifon to be of un- 
certain etymology ; in Arabic it means 
all it does in Englifh, as a net, or head- 
drefs, a cap, or cowl, worn by the Mo- 
hammedan dervifes. 

^^} Leb Lip. 



f 



Let em Lethum* 



Letem is the piercing in the throat, 
or a mortal part, with afpear; in Latin ♦ 
death. The ancients were puzzled to 
find out the origin of this word, which 
they fought where it was not to be found, 
in their own language, but it is an Ara- 
bic word. Prifcian brings it from an 
old world, leo, that is deleo, quoniam 
' mors omnia delet." Apuleiiis Gram- 

l maticus 



( 146 ) 

maticus from luo, and feflus from M^YiQ 
with as little fuccefs. 

^IUJ Leslas Liltlefs. 

Leilas is flow, tardy, lazy, i oiling, 
loitering. " The lazy-lolling fort of evef 
liltlefs loiterers that attend no caufe, no 
trulh" The derivation in Johnfon is 
from lift, defire, and lefs, but I prefer the 
Arable, and he who does not mull ad- 
mire the coincidence. 

.a*J hull Looby. 

♦♦ 

Lubi in Arabic is a foolifh ridiculous 
fellow. Johnfon and Skinner, and Ju- 
nius are all uncertain how this word is to 
be derived, whether from lapp, or llabe, 
or lob. 



cP 



( 147 ) 

^3) Leku AexoivTi. 

Lekn is a bafon, or difh, in Arabic, as 
in Greek. Ampbicrates, the rhetorician, 
having fled to Tigranes, was requeued by 
the Seleucians to be their profefTor of 
oratory, upon which he plainly told them, 
" The difh will not hold the dolphin.'* 

See Plutarch in Lucullo. 

J^J Lis AiQ- 

Lis in Arabic is a lion, and poetically 
in Greek. See Hefiod. Afp. v. 172* 
Theocr. Idyl. 13. v. 6. Horn. II. A. 239. 

Lis is the fame as lus in Hebrew, 
which fignified the a&ion of rolling up* 
and firmly compacting, or kneading any 
fluff or fubftance together, as the frame 
of a lion, fo called from the folid texture 
of his limbs and bones, which, according 

L 2 tO 



( 148 ) 

to Galen, are all folid. Lib. n. c. 18. 
Whereas in Greek there is no derivation, 
but from A/a^off, (See Etymol. Magnum.) 
warm, becaufe the lion is a fiery animal. 
EvQegftov %MV, which is abfurd, fince 
there are other animals Hill more fo. 



Limun Lemon. 



l*v^ Limuna Lemon-juice. 

Lemon, fays Johnfon, is from limon, 
low Latin ; and the low Latin from 
whence ? From the Perfian. 



MjjSi Laden Ladanum. 
Laden is the gum -herb lada. 

^JD hah Lake. 

Lak is a tin&ure for dying cloths red, 



( 149 ) 
j)[ Mader Mother. 

ojl Made Maid, 

Made is Perfian, and means a female, 

Cjf^ Maun Maund. 

Mann is any kind of houfehold uten- 
iils, as kettles, pots, bafkets, and fuch 
like in Arabic. 



r k 



Mam Mamma. 



This word perfectly agrees with the 
Cymric Mam, which defcended to us 
from the ancient Britons, and fignifies 
Mother. 



L 3 >(, 



( 150 ) 

J I Maned Manebat. 

Maned, the third perfon lingular of 
the imperfect of manden to remain. 

ifheFJiJcPr 

Nih&tt liei maned an razz 

How could that fecret remain con- 
cealed. 

Ode of Hafez, i. 1. 8, 

Mehejur der kulhehe ahzan az dar vu 
deyar mandeh. 

From family and friends remaining, 
feparated in the cottage of care, 
Anvar Soheili. 

>A Mahin Mainada, 

Mefnada. 
Mefnie. 
Menial. 

Mahin is a domeftic fervant in Arabic, 

from 



( 151 ) 

from whence come the low Latin^ the 
French, and Englifli, terms for the fame 
thing. 

, j* { Mayis Mains. 

The month of May. Meninfki. See 
Father Angelo. 

\}f I Malenhholia Melancholly . 
An Arabic word from the Greek 

pjf* Mured Myrtle. 

Mourt. 
Myrthe. 

^s^fS )j* Merdust Mor tuns eft 

j\)f* Merdar Merda, 

Merda in Latin means filth, dung, or- 
dure ; and merdar in Perfian fignifies im- 
pure, dirty, filthy, and is in all probabi- 

l 4 lity 



( 152 ) 

lity the fame word* either carried into 
Ferfia* or brought out of it. 

J*** Mermer Marmor. 

Mermer is marble in Arabic, and 
'/*/* ijlrm^ fumak marmor is porphyry, 
or the hardeft fpecies of marble. 

The Greeks perhaps had their jua^fl^Of 
from the Arabians, and the Latins their 
marmor from the Greeks. 

C^^* Mest Muft. 

Muflum. 

Heft, one drunk with wine, in Englifh 
mull is new wine, 

'* About the wine-prefs where fweet 
mult is pour'd." 

Milton. 



( 153 ) 

Zerandan mest purs. 

Afk of the drunken crew for the myf- 
tery behind the curtain ; of the 
toping drunkards. 

Hafez. 

^> Mutir Mutire. 
Mutter. 

Mutir in Arabic is repeating often, 

> j J jj4 Merwarid Margarite . 

Merwarid in Perfian is a pearl found 
in an oyfter, J?UJJ >;'^v* Pearls of 
words. 

wXi^ Mushk Mufk. 

Mulk of Tartary, mufk of Thibet, a 
mulk of fuperior quality ; a Perfiah word, 

Feridun 



( 154 ) 

Feridun was not formed of mufk and 
ambergris, but juftice and liberality : 

tLx* M/ta Extendit. 

From this word in Arabic comes 'Uk* 

♦♦ 

a beaft of burden that is drawn along, or 
driven, and firetched out, as is a camel, 
in moving forwards. To Hale in Engliih 
lignifies the fame thing, s'etaler, to ftale, 
and is faid only of a horfe, qui ut urinam 
reddat, fe extendit, v. Hale in Shak- 
fpeare, ubi eft proftibulum. 

Jjl* Meant/ Meaning. 

Meany in Arabic lignifies idea, fenle, 
lignification. 

£\y Makhazen Magazine. 
Makhazen is a fliop with drawers, and 
fhelves. yl^UU! Mf A repository of fe- 
crets. 



( 153 ) 

. w**J?lX*« Myglinatis Magnet. 

In Greek [xxyvririC' The magnet was 
faid to be firft found in Magnefia. Plin. 
36. 16. Nicander reports that it had its- 
name from Magnes, who firft found it in 
Mount Ida. 

, ^J> Meles MsA#£. 

Meles the mixture of darknefs and 
light, the twilight. MsAa£ in Greek an- 
fwers to the Arabic word, and means 
black, dark, obfcure, 

ljk+ Malakon MocXccxov. 

Malakon is amor, blanditiae, love, footh- 
J ng, flattery ; any thing very foft, from 
rjb laevigare complanare, £* Milkha 

means pap for infants, or the fofteft food 
in Arabic, from whence comes the Greek, 



( 156 ) 

Cj\:—}f* Mejusian Magicians. 

Mejjufi in Arabic is an adorer of fire, 
in opposition to> f ™* or mufulman, the 
true believer in the Mohammedan faith. 

)j* Muz Mufa. 

The plantain-tree is called mufa, of 
which the moft remarkable forts are mufa 
paradifiaca, or plantain, and mufa fapi- 
entum, or banana. 

lUp* Musa Mufe. 

A companion ; an eafy agreeable work ; 
monthly pay, in Perfian, The Englilh 
word mufe may mean all this, or not, as 
it fhall happen. 

^J>^y+ Musif Mufing. 

Mufif making melancholy, in Engliili 
ftudying in filence. 



j^^y 



( 157 ) 

j K&y* Musyhar Mufician . 

3^y Musyky Mufic. 

j * J I a la mi re. 
f s-0 £) w ^ fa & e m ^ 

2 ^J ^p <r C Sol fa tit. 

See the whole gamut in Richardfon, 
under the words L2&* m durri mufuffil, 
feparate pearls. The Arabians and Per- 
fians have a mufical fcale, whence the old 
mode of teaching vocal mulic in Europe, 
by what is commonly called fol-fa-ing 
has been borrowed. 

,by> Mush Moufe. 

Kirba sheer ust dur guriften mush; 
IAh mush ust dur musafpulung. 

The 



( 158 ) 

The lion is a cat in catching a moufe ; 
But the moufe is a tiger in battle. 

See Sadi's Preface to Rofarium Politic 
cum, p. 34. 

Iff* Mamiya Mummy. 

Mummy is derived from *y* mum 

wax, which may lead us to the know- 
ledge of the compofition of a mummy* 
Mum is both Arabic and Periian. 

■ 
) / y+ Mihra Mira. 

Mihra is feeing, or he fees, in Perfian, 
as mira is in Italian. 

, L< Mil Mile. 

Mil in Arabic is milliare, or an inter- 
val of a thoufand paces* 



C 



( 159 ) 

C Na He. 

Na in Perfian is a negative prefixed to 
verbs, and often incorporated with them. 
Thus in the fixth verfe of the fecond 
chapter of St. Matthew's gofpel, we have 
JL # y > tC^J a ^° thou, O Bethlehem 
of Judea; art not fmall in the kingdom 
of Juda. f Gum means abjecia, parva, 
perdita. The word t J*~+? is compounded 
of I and ju na and heitey a defective 

verb, to be, ufed now and then in a dig- 
nified way for buden. The particle ne 
is employed by Chaucer, and others 
ilngly, and by contraction in compound 
words as n'ifte for ne wifte, knew not, 
lingular. The Frankeleines Tale, 11340* 
Ed. Tyrwhitt. N'ifien for ne wiften, 
plural. 1048. The Squieres Tale. Thus 
alfo n ill for ne will ; will not. N' is 
for ne is, is not, is in the fame author, 

as 



eui 



C 160 ) 

as nift ^^v* in Perfian, non eft. 

U~ C -Afa &wa No fight. 

f <y I* JVa perwa No fear, /t 

Sans peur. 

s*t}p I* Nafizun No money. 

^ ^ t # Nardirt Nard . 

Nardin is fpikenard. Spica nardi, a 
plant, and the oil, or balfam produced 
from the plant. 

♦■ 
jf ft Narenj Orange. 

Aurantium fie didium ab aureo colore. 
The European name comes from the co- 
lour. The golden apple, or the fruit of 
the Hefperides, gets its appellation in 
Arabic and Perfian, not from its colour, 
but its fmell. 



if 



( 161 ) 
^JC Naf Nef, nave. 

Naf in Perfian means the navel, and 

the center of a fhield or bofs xs_-^ ; '<£ ; 

-i^ ^f\l j) der naf fheher is in the cen- 

k 

ter of the city. The nave is the middle 
of the church. Bernard Bald, in his 
Commentary on Vitruvius, fays, that it 
comes from volqq ; and Saumaife, that it 
is derived from mvs, veto;, navis ; becaufe 
the vault of the nave of a church is 
conitru£ted comme le fond d'un navire, 
like the hold of a Ihip ; but this I believe 
to be all wrong. Nave is umbilicum or 
navel. 



r 



C Nam Name. 



*2s~x% fc^" A* Name fhuma cheeft, 
what is your name. 



; 



( 162 ) 

} Ner Avqg* 

From ney in Perfian the Greeks have 
made awj£, or vice verfa. Ner lignifies 
male, manly, mafculkie. 

, ujf Nergis Narcrflus. 

tj& Ness Nefs* 

Elevating, railing^ placing one thing 
on another in Arabic. Nefs in Englifh 
at the end of towns, means that they are 
on elevated fituations projecting like nofes 
from the face of the country, alfo pro- 
montories hanging over the fea. Tot- 
nefs, bob'f-nefs, &c. &c. 



/* 



Nar Nam 



Naret are afles flung by gad-flies. 
Nar in Arabic means a refllefs filly fellow, 

who 



( 163 ) 

who cannot ftand ftill ; this is alfo the 
German fenfe of the word narr fou & 
courir les champs, ein halbe narr feyn ; 
has its correfponding phrafe in Persian* 
jy&f) y^-^ f» to have half a head, to 
to be half witted, like the fubje&s of 
King Dambak. I have never feen Pro- 
feflbr Wahl's book in which he compares 
the German language with the Eafiern 
tongues, 

joLwC Noxun Noxium. 

Noxun is one of father Angelo's words, 
and muft have been borrowed from the 
Latin. 

y Nu New. 

y o^ Mahe nu, the new moon ; y JU 
faule nu, the new year. 



m 2 



w* 



( 164 ) 

^Jy Nuh Nook; 

Nuk is a Perlian word Signifying a 
point, an edge, an extremity, or tip, a 
quoin. Dr. Johnfon derives nook from 
een hoeck. 

/M^y Naulun Naulus. 

Naulus is freight in Latin, or money 
paid for a paflage over the fea ; the Ara- 
bic is precifely the fame. NocvXov et 
vocvXcg in Greek means, merces pro 
ve&ura. The naulus paid for palling the 
Styx was two oboli. Ariftophanes Frogs, 
v. 272.---" Furor eft poft omnia perdere 
naulum." It is madnefs to throw the 
helve after the hatchet. The French 
fay, II eft fi pauvre quil n'a pas de quoi 
pafler 1'eau. See Juvenal, Sat. 8. v. 97. 



j- 



( 165 ) 
,!)« Wal Whale. 

A whale, a large filh in the Danube, 

„ JFedd Wed. 

Love, friendship ; wifhing or delighting 
to do any thing ; benevolence, affediion, 
the moll intimate union or regard in 
Arabic. 

^ ^ Weh Way. 

Uy A wey Away. 

\&* Welia Hafte. 

A cry ufed to camels ; hafte, expedi- 
tion, in Arabic. We have the fame 
word in Englifh, but with an oppofite 
meaning. Woh is the cry of the Strat- 
ford carriers to their horfes in order to 
itop them Shakfpeare has ufed it in the 

M 3 TWO 



C 166 ) 

Two Gentlemen of Verona, p. 211. 
Steevens's edition, vol. iii. 
" There is no woe to his correction." 

Read woh, and explain no flop, no 
end to the correction of love, the mighty 
lord. Johnfon's note fays, no mifery 
that can be compared to the mifery of 
thofe that love, or to the punifhment in- 
fli&ed by love ; as if it meant equal to, 
which I do not believe* If words of the 
fame letters mean oppolite things in the 
fame language, as oc^yog in Greek, ma- 
lum in Latin, (See Mr. Knight's Analyti- 
cal Effay, 4to. p. 104.) a fortiori they 
may in different languages be more likely 
to have oppolite fenfes either by accident 
or defign, either from ignorance or wil- 
ful perverlion ; the cafual coincidence of 
letters will, it is true, fometimes form 
the fame term in two languages without 
the fmalleft relation of one to the other. 



( i6; ) 

,Jj Weilih Wily. 
Cunning, fhrewd, in Arabic. 

J^ Weil Wail. 

A misfortune, a wailing, affli&ion, in 
Arabic. 



^y Wein Wine, 






>* Weinet Black grapes. 



j4y ^ Waywade Waywode, 

Waywode is a governor in Arabic, a 
prince Palatine. The Poles call the 
princes of Wallachia and Moldavia, way- 
wodes, conlidering them only as go- 
vernors of Polifh provinces, elfewhere 
they are called hofpodars* 

M 4 Ji 



( 168 ) 

Ji Hala Halo. 

Halo area circa lunam. Gazophy- 
lacium. 

^^ Hebub Hubbub. 

Hubbub, a violent wind railing the 
dull ; from hebou in Arabic, a dull raifed 
and flying in the air. Johnfon fays, he 
does not know the etymology of hubbub! 
unlefs it be from up, up hobnob ! 

^A Heft 'Effra. 

Septem. 
Seven. 



& 



Helia Helluo. 



Helia is a glutton, a greedy wolf, in 
the Persian language. 



* 



( 169 ) 



<7 



fi Ham Ay.a. 

Together, 



X~+A Hempister A boliler fellow, 

A bed fellow. 

The word is compounded of fi hem 
together, and Z^S' pifter a pillow, or 
bolfter. 

i\\jA Hemezan Amazon. 

Hemezan is a compound word, made 
up of heme all, and zen woman. This 
word was to the Greeks foolifhnefs, and 
a Humbling block, iince they looked for 
it in their own language, where it was 
not to be found. T owe this Perfiaii 
word to Mr. Wilkin s. A certain tale 
relates that the queen of the Amazons was 

vifited 



C 170 ) 

visited by a beautiful young prince 
(Alexander) whom fhe drew towards her 
with one hand, and pufhed from her with 
the other, as Hudibras fays, Cupid does 
his bow, that is, fhe received him, in other 
words, fuperciliouily with one eye, and 
invitingly with the other, altero ad fron- 
tem fublato, altero ad mentum demilTo 
fupercilio, 



JL Huner Honor. 



Virtue, fcience, knowledge, honor. 
))/. ft Huneri perwer, a cultivator of fci~ 
ence, or foJfterer of virtue in Persian. 

(J 1, Henri Honor. 

Henry with the ye in Hafez, p. 65. 
edit. Richardfon, which has not the re- 
ftridive power of the article, but is merely 

paragogic, 



( m ) 

paragogic, or added to make the lafi fyl- 
lable long, ij/s henri and not ^L 
Plrane ser behun henri nenl? u namra. 

Old age, time employed in honor, vir- 
tue, and probity, 

jyj Hur Huron. 

Hur the fun in Persian ; hurron in 
Arabic, generous warmth, ingenuus j 
hurron, a man of an ingenuous fpirit, 
Gjeuharri Lexic. It is a curious coinci- 
dence that Voltaire fhould have called his 
ingenu by the name of ingenu in Arabic, 
without knowing it, since he tells us 
that his hero came from New France, in 
North America, de la Huronie. 

)> %f Huveida Evida 

Evident. 

Clear, open, manifeft, confpicuous. 






( 172 ) 
AL, Heikel EweXog, eixav. 

Heikel is a figure, image, ffcature, re- 
femblance, as in Greek. 

Kj Hola. 

Hola, an exclamation in Arabic; come 
then, come near, come along. 

, ♦ r ^l Jasmin Jeflamine. 

Jeflamin and jafmin are both Persian 
and Arabic. The Arabian jeflamine is 
called nyclanthes, becaufe the flowers 
open in the evening, and fall off, it has 
been faid, the fucceeding day ; but this is 
only the cafe with fuch flowers as are 
immediately under the influence of the 
folar rays. The arbor triflis, or firft 
fpecies of the nyclanthes, the pariaticu of 
the Bramins, grows naturally in the fands 

of 



( 173 ) 

of Ceylon, and to the height of eighteen 
feet. 

> Yed Aid. 

Yed from T in Hebrew hand, means 
alMance, help, &c. in Arabic. Johnfon 
derives aie from adjutare. 

/ m Yekli Ice. 

^„ Yekhchi Ice-flone, or hail. 

A thaw is prettily defcribed in the 
*&\\ /y Behar Danufh, or Spring of 

Knowledge, of Einaiut Oolla, translated 
by Dow, and much better by Mr. Scot. 
Waters liberated from confinement bv the 
influence of the fun, ran to the cyprefs to 
relate the tale of their captivity . Britiili 
Mufeum, Coll. Hamilton, Plut. xxxvi. 
5564. The fame author compares the 

brightness 



( 174 ) 

brightnefs of ice to the silver of fifh, that 

is, to its fcales, which fhine like silver 

A f*^ feemimahi. Hail-itorms are 

not common in hot countries. During 
a fall of hail at Mafulipatam, the inhabi- 
tants gathered it up in their hands, but 
foon threw it away again, crying out that 
it burnt them ; and true enough, 

" The parching air 

Burns frore, and cold performs th' efFe6fc 
of fire/* 

Milton* 



■f 



--- — penetrabile frigus admit.'* 

Virgil. 

In Arabic hail-flones are called the 
berries of a cloud, *} ^^lf hybab 
term. 

sZsg^y Yanliit Hyacinthus. 
Yuakit is a Perfian word, denominat- 
ing yarious gems, when ufed abfolutely, 

it 



( 175 ) 

it fignifies the red hyacinth, or the ruby, 
to pour L,*J1 yjz^\y rubinos of red 
wine upon topazes of the field. The 
nymphs of Paradife are compared to Hya- 
cinths, See Wilmet's Dictionary of the 
Koran, p. 820. 

t K Yugk Yoke. 

This word runs through the Perfian* 
Creek, Latin, Dutch, Englifh, and Saxon, 
languages, &c. &c. &c. 



APPENDIX, 



APPENDIX, 



\f^/ % I Aberhahiya 9 A€agxv5i. 

fjj.) Abark, a rope of different co- 
loured hairs. ASocgxvoi in Hcfychius, is 
explained by xo^cc comam nutrit, ac- 
cording to the fcnie in which the Mace- 
donians ufe (xMaoxvx. Aberkakiya inPer- 
fian means a fpider's web, and to a large 
cob-web a bufhy head of hair may be 
compared. Ariflotle ufes touq §gl%iv 
or hairs for the threads of a fpider, p. 
578, vol. I. fol. ed. 1590. Lugduni, and 
Xenophon in Sympos. Ipfte etiam 
>7PX S G dicuntur xopoiv in Philoftratus 
Epift. 25. Lycurgus's foldiers had a red 

n coat, 



< 178 ) 
coat, a brazen ihield, and a thick head of 

f 

hair, which made the handfome more 
beautiful, and the ugly more terrible* 
Xen. Spartan Republick, p. 686. foh 
1624. Plutarch, Apothth. 

^Jj\ Ark, Erk, Arx. 

Arok or erk, a caftle and its interior 
parts in Arabic ; the name of a caftle in 
Siphanto of Siphno. 

V&^l Askiyet Skies. 

Alkiyet in Arabic means watery 
clouds, from which our words iky and 
Ikies have probably been taken. Skies 
in Englifh, as in Arabic, %nify the wea- 
ther and the climate. We have in the 
Tempeft, p. 121. ed. Stevens, vol. iii. 

The queen o' the Iky, 
Whofe watery arch, and meflengef 
am L 



( 179 ) 

JA*) Iskeni \ayiw. 

Ifch-bone. 

Ifkene in Perfian is the thigh bone, 
and icryjov in Greek is the fame word, 
from which ifch-bone, that is the bone 
next the hip, called edge-bone, each* 
bone, &c. &c. 

/> i/;V Alhadi azlem 

Albadi azlem. The author of mif- 
chief or evil in Perfian. See p. 4, 

XC-\ hhd* Echelle. 

Echelles a fea port in the Levant, fo 
called by the Turks. Ifkele is a port, 
or pier, built on piles in the Levant, 
hence echelle for a port, or harbour. 
Baron de Tot's Travels, p. 365, 

n 2 Ifkete 



( 180 ) 

Ifkele is from fcala, or Heps on a pier 
for the eafe of landing and embarking. 
See Ancient Geography D'Anville, p. 
201, ed.1791. 

^UA^f Isfinaj Spinage. 

Spinage was introduced into this coun- 
try (Spinacia oleracea) in the year 1568, 
but it is not known, fay the herbalifts, 
from what country it was brought. The 
name, however, now tells the country. 



L yy«\ Eshwes Afkew. 

Elhwes is a perfon that fquints, and 
does not look ftrait, in Arabic* 



Jjtwf 



( 181 ) 

^J^l Astahd A liable. 

Aftabul is Arabic, and borrowed from 
(TTO&Xiqv in barbarous Greek. Vide 
Meurlii GlolTar. Graeco-barbar. 

ts\ Igla Higgle. 

Haggle. 

Igla means in Arabic, making dear, 
railing the price, buying dear, felling 
dear, Handing out for a better price. 

f\ Eger Tag. 

For, if, forafmuch as, in Perlian. 
The word is frequently contracted into 
y ger, in which form it perfectly agrees 
with the Greek. 



N 3 



c>' 



( 1*2 ) 

(♦/T An An. 

The pronoun an has the effect of the 
definite article in Perfian ^% ^jl an gul, 
the particular rofe. j)jf" fi i\fi an 
bade nimruz the noon day wind, whence 
comes the Italian word inbatto. The 
Koraun is called W $/ A *' almyfhef, the 
hook, by way of eminence. 

,mJIH* Anagallis. 
Anagallis, Pimpernel in Perfiana 

> J Ens Lens, 

A lens, or glafs fpherically convex on 
feoth fides in Perfian* 



U?J$ 



( 183 ) 

fttfj}) Awurchin Urchin. 

Urchin in Perfian is a fnail-itaircafe, 
fcala lumaca, fcala-cochlea ; applied by 
us to an animal that retires within 
himfelf. 



u 



Bala 



Papa, 



I L Papa Father, 

V V 



.yl Basun Bafon, 

Bafun is Hinduwee, 



Bezz 



Byflus. 



Bezz in Arabic is in Hebrew pa fine 
linen, or a rich garment, 



n 4 







( 184 ) 

ijf/ % Bricock Apricot, 

An apricot or bad yellow plum in 
Perfian. 



4 &^ 

# Bishinj Bufinefs. 



Bifhinj bufinefs, employment, ftudy, 
in Perfian. 

ffy^ % Bulbas Bulbus. 

Wild onion. 

*,* Beia Buying, 
Selling. 

M)f **> Beia kurden, to traffic. 
i\}^) w**?* to : ^ ia ^ e hands on an agree- 
ment made ; to make liipulation. 
Arabic. 






( 185 ) 

Best FafL 



Beft: is, he bound, in Perfian. -^-^ # j) 
/•N/ To make the door fait. We have 
our word from the German feft halten, 
faire ferme, to make faft, and the Ger- 
man from the Perfian, or vice verfa lis. 

\y Par Porus. 

Pur, a king in the dialed: of Hin- 
doflan ; whence the name King Porus, 
who was defeated by Alexander, jy oLi^ 
Shapor, the fon of a king. 

){&*> Pishar. 

Water fhewn to a doctor. 

wV Peik Page* 

Peik, a footman, a meflenger, at- 
tendant in Perfian. 



J > 



( 186 ) 

^Jj* Tedac Piittacus. 

Pfittacus Eois ales mihi miflus ab Indis. 

Ovid. 

Vide ^Elian. de Anim. 1. xiii. c. 18. 

Tedac ihould be written with a fa f 
and pronounced fedac, fethac, Sittacus. 
$ee Reland. 

*y or JC y Tutegi or Tuj Tutenag, 

Tutegi is a coin once current, and 
tuj is copper. Tutenag is an ore of 
zinc containing from 6o to QO parts in a 
hundred of zinc, the remainder iron, and 
fame clay. Quaere, If there be a con- 
nection between thefe words in Perfian f 
nnd tuteoag ? 



w^* 



( 187 ) 

S _^U/' Saleh Salop (aroon. 

♦ 

Like wife called (/^ ^^Xx? ialeb 
Mifre; the falep of Egypt. 



&. 



Gel Gelid. 



£&L # , l? Gel or jul pafh, a fprinkler 
of water in Hinduwee. 

Perfundit gelida 

Hor. Sat. 11. 7. 91. 

Dedecus hoc fumta diflimulagit aqua. 

Ovid. 

The Perfians fay, /M>^; wl >w^; 
deft baub refaunden ; ventrem exonerare 
vel li ita dicam, polllavare, manum ad 
aquam ferre. 



>j *^t* 



( 188 ) 



>* ^^\t Jema-ati ivited Wittena- 



gemot. 



Jema-ati wited, is an aflembly of the 
chiefs of a nation ; ^y s£s&\j? a Syna- 
gogue of Jews. "Wited in Arabic is a 
peg driven or fixed in a wall, keeping 
the building together like a cramp. 
u And I will faften him as a nail ( 1JV 
itad) in a fure place ; and they lhall 
hang upon him all the glory of his fa- 
ther's houfe." Ifaiah, ch. xxii. v. 23. 
>^ In Arabic is firm iter impegit palum. 

In the Koraun, Pharoah is called the 
lord and mailer of the nails, Sur. 38. 11. 
and 89. 3. The nails, that is, the no- 
bles, or pegs, which bind the building- 
together. See Harmer, vol. i. p. 191. 

Wittena-gemot, that is properly 
wited-gemot, was an aflembly of the 
whole nation in Saxon times. See 

Black- 



( 189 ) 

Blackftone's Comment, vol. i. 405. The 
two words that compofe the Saxon term 
are Arabic, and have no nun in them, 
and were there a nunnation, it would 
make witedon, not witena, fince dal is a 
radical, and cannot be difpenfed with. 

C^/U Khaut A Kite. 
^'\p Khatiye Perfian for an eagle. 

"X? Chainlet 

In the head of a bill draw r n up by 
Edward VI. with his own hand, 155 l f 
(though it never became a law) no one 
worth lefs than 200 or 2o/. in living 
certain, might w r ear chamblet. 

j^ Der Qvgot, Door. 

DeruTkhelafat, the gate or palace of 
the khalifs; zebani deri, the language of 

the 



( iqo ) 

the court. Thus in Xenophon we read, 
Xovtsq S7r) TOtg §vgocc, or the king's gate, 
the porte, as in Either, ch. iv. v. 2. 

ft j Zonar Zona. 

A belt in Arabic worn round the 
middle by the eaftern Jews and Chriftians 
to diftinguifh them from the Mahomme- 
dans, by order of Khalif Motawekkel, 
A. D. 859. The Perfian Magi alfo 
wear it. 

(f\*) Zivas Zsvg. 

; " 

7j£VQ is the Perfian name for Jupiter. 
See Lexicon Perficum GoliL 

^m^w/ Sablat Sabbath. 

This word the Perfians, no doubt, 
received from the Hebrews at a very early 
period, and not by the medium of the 

Arabic, 



( J 91 ) 

Arabic, which might, at firft fight, ap- 
pear to be the cafe. It is common to 
many languages, as well European as 
Afiatic ; but all confefledly borrow it 
from the Hebrew. The Arabs like wife 
fay ^^J) *y^ yum us fabbat, the fab- 
bath day. 

wJ/*_^ Sitrab Sar^azTjf. 

2#T£#;njc is a Perfian word now oh- 
folete. See Hefychius and Reland, p. 
233. Diflert. viii. 

jsM mm0 ' Samander Salamander, 
In Arabic and Perfian. 

L* y^ 00 ^ Scamonea Scammony, 
In Perfian and Arabic, 



( 102 ) 

U_ y Sena Sena (a tree). 
In Arabic. 

tffo Taus Tocu£. 

In Chaldee did. Taus in Persian is a 
peacock. iElian fays the peacocks came! 
from the Eaft, and of courfe their name 
with them. Samos abounded with thefe 
birds, which were brought hither, where 
Juno was principally worfhipped. JEl. 
de Animal, c. 21. lib. v. 

Li Feel Elephant. 

Phil, alphil, auphin, dauphin. See 
Twifs on Chefs. 

(A^ Kamees Chemife, fr. 

This word, which is Arabic, is, with- 
out doubt, the original of the Italian 

camicia, 



( 193 ) 

vamkid, whence the French had their 
chemise, a shirt or shift. C amice in Ita- 
lian, is a priest's white garment. In 
low Latin we find camisia, a surplice* 
shirt, or shift. 

, +\ Ji Kir as Kirfche. 

Kirfche in German is the Arabic 
word. Kirfche wafler, cherry brand v. 

J Ku Who. 

y Is compounded of ^ J which 
makes the Englifli ivho *f the Persian re- 
lative pronoun, 



Vide Hinckelmannium Le6tori Benevolo 
before his edition of the Koraun, Ham- 

o burg, 



C 194 ) 

burg, 1694, where there are fome words 
not in this trad, as, 

\\p Ala, alere. 
tfj] Arafa, arare, ariih. 
y^y Naut, nauta. 

Sempt femita a ^i/J^ 00 ^ unde Zenith 
^jS^s Siccin, fica culter. 
Taurus, thoor, jy 
IteiTera.^TI luiit alea. 



INDEX. 



INDEX, 



A. Arabic. p. Perjian. H. Hinduwee* 



Abode, p./ 

Aid, a. 
'''Axtoc, a. 
Albeit, p. 
Alcove, a. 
Algebra, a. 
A|ua,p. 
Amazon, p. 
Amere, a. tJU 
Amufe, p, 12* 
An, p. 

Anchor, p. Ity 
Angelica, p,/^ 



v 



A Annus, a. iz~ 

Anus, a. /J 
Area, a. G 
Apricock, p. 
Artichoke, a. & 
Aftrolabe, a, / 
#& Atlas, a. '0 

Away, a. 

Babifh, a. (f~\ 
Bad, p. 
Balcony. 
Balfam, A. 
Barber, p. 

BttpglTQC, P- 
o 2- Barberry, 



iq6 



Barberry , a. 


Butt, p. 


Baritoun, p. )$~ 


Buy. 


Bark, p* 


Buzzard, a. p. 


Barn, p. tl 


ByfTus, P, He GR 


Batello, p. 




Bear, p. 


C 


Beagk, a, 


Cabin, t* 


Better, p* 


Cable, a. 


Bib, a. 


Cack, p. 


Bicker, p. 


Cabob, a, 


Bill, p. 


C^dus, p. 


Bind, p* 


Cafe, a. 


Bittern, p. 


Coffee, a* 


Bolfter, p. 


Caitiff, a. 


Bound, P. 


Cak, p. 


Brindifi, ."p. 


Calamus, a. 


Brother, p e 


Call, A e 


Brow, p. 2- 


Calvus, p* 


Bvas, p. 


Camel, a* 


Bv€cc, a. 


Camlet, a. [tf 


Bubo, p. 


Candle, A e 


Buche, p* 


Candy, a. 


Bucket, A. 


Cannabis, a. 


Bugare, p. 


Canon, a, 


Burg, a. 


Carafe, a 


Bufs, p. 


Carbalus, p. 



Care, 



Care, p. 
Caravan, p. 
Carthamus, p» 
Cafa, a. 
Cafe us, a. 
Cafino, p. 
Cat, a. 
Cavern, a. 
Cawl, a. 
Chafe, a. 
Charge, a. 
Chary, p. 
£harta, a. 
Check-mate, p. 
Cheer, p, 

Xeig, p. 
Chemin, p. 
Chemiftry, p. A, 
Cherry, a. 
Cheft, a, 
Chick, p. 
Chimere, A, 
Chimney, a* 
Chin, p* 
Chink, p. 
Chip, p* 



( w ) 

Chop, p. 
Chopine, p* 
Chofe, p. 
Chubby, p 
Circus, p.. 
Cipher, a. 
Clay, p. 

Clime, a. // 

Coif, A, 
Collis, a. 
Common, a, 
Cornu, a. 
Cotton, a. 
Cow, p, 
Cozicosi, p. 
Cribellum, a» 
Cricket, p. 
Crimea, a, 
Crocum, p. 
Cuckow, p> 
Cue, p. 
Cur, p. 
Curd, p. 
Cup, p. 
Cupping, p, 
Cygnus. p 9 
o 3 Da, 



( 198 ) 







EixeXoe, a. 


D 




Endued, p. ^ 


Da, p. 




Epithymon, p f /q 


Dad, p. 




'Etttsc, p. 


Dagger, p. 




Era, a. $~ 


Damietta, A, 




y Egw(Aoe, a. y 


Dark, a. 




Evident, p. 


Daughter, p. 




Eyne, a. 


Dell, a, 






Aepotc, a. 




F 


Deneb, p. a. 




Fairy, p, 


Dens, p. 




Fate, a. 


Devil, a. p* 3 




&SVVIS* p< 


Dexter, p. 




Fie, p. 


Aitpbegoc, p- A 


• 


Fire, p. if 


Dole, p. a. 




Foifon, p. 


Dolphin, p. 




Fortuna, p. 


Door, p. 




Frey, a. 


Dyke, p. 




Fright, a. 
Furnus, p. 


E 






Eating, A. fr 




G 


Ebony, A. 2- 




Gait, a. 


y E7X 8A/ ^ At 


tif 


Gall, a. 


'Elx, a. 


ty 


Toivgoc, p. 



GazeL 



Gazel, A, 
Gcmel, a. 
General, p. 
Gentian, A, 
Genus, A. 
Gewgaw, p. a. 

Trj, p. 

Giant, p. a. 
Gibraltar, a. 
God, p. 

Tow, p. 
Gourmand, p. 
Gout, p. 

TVOCy A. 

Guerdon, p. 
Guerrier, a. 
Guile, a. 
Guitar, p. 
Gullet, a. 

H 

Halo, p. 

Hanger, p, 
Havock, p.. 
Hazel, a, 
Helenium, a>11 



199 ) 

Hola, a. 
Honor, p. 

Hord, p. /if 

Horfe, p. 
Houri, a. 
Hubbub, A, 
Humid, A. 
Huron, a. 
Huzar, p. 
Hyacinth, p. 

I 

Jabble, p. 
Jackal, p. 
Jade, A. 
Jadis, a, 
Jaloufie, p. 
Jam, p 
Jar, a. 
Ice, p. 
Jecur, p, 
Jerb, p, 
Jeflamin, p. a, 
Incubus, A. 
Inks, A, /3 

4 Joujou, 



( 200 ) 



Joujou, P. 
Iter, a. 
Iterate, a. 
Jugum, p. 
Jumble, a c 
Juvenis, p« 

K 

Kalendas, p. 
KocXov, p. 
Kazz, A* 
Kermes, a. 
Kid, a, 

L 

Ladanum, .p. 
Lake, p. 
AZHUVYI, A. 
Lemon, p. 
Lethum, A. 
Lip, p. 

Liftlefs, A* 
Looby, A, 



M 

Ma, A. p. j%. 

Magazine, a. 
Magician, a. 
Magnet, a. 
Maid, p. 
MotTiOCKOh A, 
Mam, p. 
Manebat, p. 
Margarita, p. 
Marmor, a. 
Maund, a. 
May, p, 
Meaning, A. p, 
Meat, a. f 

Melancholly, A. 
MsA«ff, a. 
Merda, p. 
Mefnie, A. 
Mill, A. 
Mira, p. 

Mix, p. /2- 

Mortuus.eft, p. 
Mother^.?. 
Moufe, a. 

Mummy, 



( 201 ) 



Mummy, p. a. 




Mufa, p. 


P 


Mufic, p. 
Muiician, p. 


Paart, p. 
Papa, p. 


Muling, a*. 


Paradife, i\ 


Mufk, p. 


Pas, p. 


Mull, p. 


Pater, v. 


Mutter, a. 


Paeonia, p. 


Myrtle. 


Pedlar, p. 




Peer, p. 


N 
Na, p. 


HzXot^yog, a. 
Pellet, p. 


Nar, a. 


Peniroyal, p. 


Narciffiis, p. 


Perifhed, p. 


Nard, a* 


Phial, v. 


Name, p. 
Nave, p. 


Phyz, p. 
Pie, p. 


Naulum, A. 


Piftachio, p. 


Ner, p. 


ttiog, p. 


Nefs, a. 


Prefter John, a. p 


Noxun, p, 

o 


Prieft, p. 
Pufs, II. 


Opium, A. /0 


a 


Orange, a. vJ(o() 


.Quare.. 


Ottar, p* 





Tlaba. 



( 202 ) 





Shawl, p. 


R 


Sherbet, a, 


Raba, f. 


Sherif, A 


Rabbet, p. 


Shirt, a. 


Rag, f. 


Should, p 


Reef, F, 

Ivhoom, AVA. MALAY. 


Shrub, a, 
Sigil, A, 


Rib.es, a. 


Sinus, p. 


Rob, A. p. 


Silk, a. 


Rocked, p* 


Smaragd, ?« 


Roxana, p* 


Soap, a. 


Rub, p.. 


Sol, p. 


Rubs, a. 


Sole, p. 


Runic, a, 


2o<pof. 


Ruftic, p 


Sponge, Po 




Stand, p 8 7,fr 


S 


Stander, p* 5" 


Sack, a. 


Star, p. 


Sad, A. 


Subfultus, a. 


Saffron, p. a. 


Sugar, p. a. 


Sallad, A* 


Sumak, a. 


Sawcer, p. 


Surfeit, a* 


Scarlet, A. 


Syrup, a. 


Scheme, a. ^ 




Scimitar, p. 


T 


Serra, p. 6 


Tabes, p. 



Taffata. 



( 203 ) 



Taffata, p. 
Talc, p. 
Talifman, a. 
Tall, a. 
Tambour, a, 
Tav. 
Tav. 
Tapis, p. 

Totgccx/i* p* 

Tarif, a. 
Tarir, a. 
Tarry, a. 
Tafle, p. a. 

T^o"w, p. 
Thicket, a. 
Thunder. 
Tiara, p. 
Tigris, p. 
Tire, a. 
Title, a. 
Tooting, p. 
Treacle, a. 
Tun, p. 
Turbitum, a. 
Turf, a. 
Turtur, a, 



Tutenag, p. 
Tutty, p. 
Tuz, p. 
Twin, p. 

W 

Wail, a. 
Warm, p. 
Way, a. 
Way vvode, a. 
Wed, a. 
Whale, p. 
Wily, a. 
Wine, a, 
Woh, A. 
Wrift, a. 

y 

Yoke, p. 



Zany, a. 
Zart, a, 
Zefir, a. 
Zerbus, p. 
Zero, a* 



UMktd/3 



INDEX 



INDEX 



OF 



NAME'S AND THINGS. 



AdLER,72. 

Abubeker and Omar, 

AcifculL, 45, 
Ainf worth, 39- 
Alexander, 144. 1/0. 
Alrnanfor, 94. 
Alramkeis 5 03.74. 129. 
Amphicrates, 147* 
Angelo, 15. 24, 
Apuleius, 145 c 



Arabic Proverb, 5i. 
Arion, 73. 

Ariftophanes, 42. 164* 
Ariftotlc, 37* 
Afcham, 15. 
Aufonius, 107. 
Ava language, 87, 

B 

Babelmandeb. 
Bajazet, %5* 
Batteux, 104* 

Berfti 



( 206 ) 

BernL Orlando, 79- Decemviri Perfarudi, 

Berry, 26. 21. 

Bowyer's Conjectures, Didymus, 44. 

114. Dio Caffius, 6. 

Bulgarians, 25. Dionyfius, 45. 

Dowlet-abad, 1. 

^ Dryden, 44. 

Caab BenZoheir, 112. Du Cange, 38. 
120. 



Camden, 49. 
Carew, 56. 
Carfeoli, 99. 
Caftell, 80.3. 
Catullus, 29, 
Chappelow, 30. 
Charlemagne, 5. 
Chaucer, 159. 
Cicero, 8. 40. 
Clement Alexandr. 91. 
Coluthus, 117. 
Cowley, 29. 

D 

Dalmally, 138. 
Dambak, 163. 

Daniel, 59- 



E 

Etymologicon Mag - 
num, 218. 

Eudes le Comte, 5. 

Eutychius, 132. 

Euftathius, 45. 

F 

Fabricius, 27. 
Feridun, 153. 
Feftus, 6. 
Flowers of Perfian Li-* 

terature, 1. 17. 
Fofter, 3. 

G 

Gamut, 156. 

Gazophyiacium, 



( 207 ) 



Gazophylacium, 7. 
Godwin, 28. 
Golius, 25. 
Guyot, la Bible de, 

H 

Hafez, 22. 66. 86. 
Hariri, 118. 
Harmer, 114, 
Herodotus, 72. 
Hefychius, 2. 45. 
Hudibras, 88.92. 
Hieroglyphics, 91. 
Hindoftanee, 14. 
Homer, 4.29. 127. 
Horace, 67. 
Hugues de, 26. 
Hulla, 138. 
Huronie, 171. 
Hyde, 2). 99. 



24. Jodrell, 135. 

Johnfon, 31. 80. 96. 
126. 
26. Jones, Sir W. 71> 

Ionians, 72* 

Jugge, 64. 

K 

1 

Khofru, 21, 
Knight, 166. 
Koraun, 103- 



Lettc, 27. 74* 
Letter carriers, 8. 
Linnean Botany, 93. 
Lion and Moufe, 157« 
Little, 11. 
Lucian, 42. 
Lucilius, 108. 
Ludolph, 8. 



Jablonfki, 91. 
Jeremiah, 77. 
Jews, 17. 
Inglis, Sir H. 113. 



M 

Macedonians, 2. 
Malay language, 87- 
Manichasans. 25. 

Martel, 



< 208 ) 

Mattel, Charles, 5. Othello, 81. 

MarcianusCapella, 90. Oufeley, 96. 122* 

Matthew, St. 15Q. Ovid, 45, 98. 

Mecca, 94. Oxfordfhire, 13-, 

Medina, 95. 

Menage, 38. 91. 

Meninfki, 78. 

Milk, 155. 

Milton, 59. 

Minucius Felix, 124 e 

Mofchus, 40. 

Moor, 11. 

More, 49. 

Mofheim, 25. 



N 

Nader Shah, 106. 
Nequam, 2. 7. 8. 
New Teftamentj 41. 
Newton, 130. 
Nicander, 155* 
Ny&anthes, 172. 

O 

Oman, Sea of, 15. 



Palladius, 11 9. 
Parifatis, 48. 
Paronomafia, 126. 
Pafquier, 27. 
PerfianMifcellanies, 1* 
Petronius, 45. 
Pharfy, 17. 
Philiftines, 98* 
Phoenix, 135. 
Pliny, 10. 

Pococke, 117. 127. 
Pollier, Col. 113. 
Pope, ill. 
Portuguefe, 32. 64. 
Praeadamites, 47. 
Prifcian, 145. 
Probus, 45. 

Reland, 






R 

Reland, 38. 45. 
Repington, 27. 
Revifky, 6Q. 
Richardfon, 10. 

170. 
Rubruquis, 93. 
Runic, Poetry, 85 . 
Rupee, 11. 



34. 



209 ) 

Soliman I. 72. 
Sophi, 106. 
Spanheim, 74. 
Spartan mother, 43. 
Speflator, 10. 
Stale s'etaler, 153. 
Stephanus Byzant, 79. 
Stephens, Henry ; 107» 
Strabo, 45. 
Sykes, 18, 



Sachariffa, 101. 
Salmafius, 161. 
Sampfon, 98, 
Saxons, 20, 
Scaliger, 6. 
3cot, 173. 
Scots dialed, 46. 
Seventy LXX. 79, 
ghakfpeare, 32.41. 76, 

78. 83. 88. 
Shirauz, ]., 
Skinner, 146. 
Smyrna, 18. 



Tamerlane, 95. 
Tartary, 20. 
Tavern ier, 93. 
Tebrizi, 76. 
Theocritus, 40. 71. 
Theognis, 115. 
Thibet, 153. 
Tickell, 70. 
Tigranes, 147« 
Timour, 37- 
Twelfth Night, 89. 
Tychfen, 7 A. 



C 210 ) 







Welfh, 36. 40. 


u 




Welfh, Cymric, 14Q. 


'TsTS^OV, 03, 




Whitehall Sermon, 84 
Wilkins, 73. 169. 


V 




Wilmet, 47. 


Virgil, 14, 31. 


92. 


Wolfey, 49. 


Vitruvius, l6l. 






Voltaire, 130, 




Z 

Zend, 119. 


W 




Zerbus, 49, 


Webfter, 3, 







Additions 



Additions and Corrections* 



^Jlz^S) Istorah Storax, 

Since ftorax is brought from the Eaft, 
the name which it bears came with it, 
The word is Arabic. 

.f^" - / Isfunj Sponge, 
Isfunj is an Arabic word. 

*y I Enjam End. 
>U' I , )j) Dured bi enjam, falu- 
tations without end, Perfian* 

p 2 wi^ULS/ 



( 212 ) 

&\$j/ TehkiJrat Tickets. 

Tehkikat are truths, certainties. 
Things that have marks upon them are 
faid to be ticketed, that they may not be 
miftaken. The French bring their eti- 
quette from eft hie quaeftio, not being 

acquainted with this Arabic plurah 

♦♦ 
^Jl3/ is truth in the lingular, 

m\& Jaun John. 

This word is ufed by the natives as a 
fubftitute for the Englifh Chriftian name, 
which purpofe it anfwers exceedingly 
well. The original fignification of the 
word is, a foul. 






( 213 ) 

w^IL? Julab Julep. 

Julep is a mixture of water and fyrup 
^ Xjf w-^tt^ julab fhekrein, fugared 
julep in Perfian. 

M J yf Heyivan Hyaena. 

VCCWCL. 

An animal, a brute- 

^JJs KhyJc Keg. 

Khyk in Perfian is a bottle-bag, or 
hide* 

j£j Deghl Dingle. 

Deghl, like dingle, means a hollow 6 
place to lurk in, Arabic. 

fj Retm Rutting. 

Retm in Arabic is coiens. Cjy^i 
lean camels, becaufe all animals are lean 
poll coitum. 



♦ { \ 



ij* 



( 214 ) 

My& Zezen Seizing. 

Snatching a thing out of another's 
hand, and taking it away < forcibly. 
Arabic. 

"Jtib? Talihtehhet Tacked together. 

Takhtekhet in Arabic is equally join- 
ing one another. 

^up Ghunk Junk. 

Ghunk is a itrong piece of hard wood 
in Perfian. In Englifh a Chinefe vefTel> 
and an ejid of old rope. 

Ijjf Guvernor Governor. 

L^y Counsil Council. 

^J Kumpanee Company. 

Thefe three words have been introduced 
by the Englifli into the various countries 
of the Eaft where they have factories. 






( 215 ) 

>) Lad Loud, 

Lud or lodd, i$ Englilli loud, is noily 
in altercation, or legal difpute. 

* J Lnj Louche. 

Luj in Perfian is fquint-eyed. The 
French fav louche, and in Latin lufcus 
means blind of one eye. The order is 
Perfian, Latin, and French, 

f—0>^ Mister Mailer. 
This is likewife an Englifh word ufed 
before proper names, which the natives of 
the Eaft Indies have adopted, 

Page xii Preface, for Stevens, readStee- 

vens. 
xiii for nju read nk:. 
3, line 14. Moorhata is foolifh- 
nefs in Sanfcreet, 
and in Greek 

Page Q. 



( 216 ) 
Page 9. Add after oixoyevrie, 

1 odSMJTMOf WgV* OIXU. 

The Copts, a fedl of Chris- 
tians, fo called from Jacob 
al Barda'i, an apoftle of the 
Eutychians ; firft Jacobites, 
then Cobites or Copts. 
29. line 10. for 7£ read ds, 
26. Hughues read Hugues. 

41. for It read t* See p. 107, 

42. read ■— * — pa tocv. 

45. Acifculus. See Morell, Afcif- 
culus, from the Afcia, in the 
coins of the Valeria family, 

50. read — tog — — — /\«f. 
Dele the full flop after cl 

67. Subipfum read fub ipfum. 
17. 18. read 18. 17. 

72. laft line. Confult the Bhagvat 
Geeta for the nine gates of 
the body. 

Page 97. 



( 217 ) 

Page 97. Confult p. Ixxi. toL i. Leland's 
Colle&anea, for a brick 
found in Mark Lane, on 
which is Hercules driving 
a fox girt with fire-brands 
into the Handing corn. 
The brick is in the Britifh 
Mufeum. 

115. Dele ii after Carmen. 

116. For v. 34, ready. 341. 
127. For v. 761, ready. 7Q2. 
135. See Dr. Combe, Num. Vet. 

pi. 6(5. and pi. 25. No. iv. 
Line 12. Dele the comma af- 
ter 'Ryu. 
Line 17. read cantio. 
143. line 3. read Kogxvgot. 
146. read Fellus. 
155. reat/Lcevigare, with a comma. 

160. read European, 

161. read Umbillicus. 

q Page 178. 



( 218 ) 

Page 173. line 6. for ail read aid. 
178. read Apopth. 
180. read Straight. 
187. -•* read -— Yitfor git* 



INDEX. 

Apricock is right, and not apricot, 
as it is generally writteft, and fometimes 
pronounced. 



SECOND. 



SECOND APPENDIX. 



>*y Li) Ofsanus Oceanus. 
The Ocean Hercules fays, tov Jg 

Vid. Diod. Sic. p. 22. note. 



[pjj] Eddua Adieu, farewell. 

The conclufion of an Arabic letter is 
kyJJ .2U\ elbaki eddua, may all the reft 
be well. Farewell. 



Q 2 A Am 



r 



( 220 ) 

*\ Am I am, English. 

iC\ El 'Etui, 

r ^ri gr. 



Lf Ahl All, a. 

The people, or inhabitants. XA "**X$ 
Calati ehli, all the inhabitants of the 
caftle. The garrifon. EhluTdar, 

all of the houfe ; ehluTkebur, all of the 
grave. 

(/I Ei Ay, 

Certainly, yes indeed. 

L 1 Babil Babylon . 

A houfe of ill fame. Bordello, hence 
Babylon the whore. 

^l Banu 



( 221 ) 



yt Banu Boivfc. 

A princefs, lady, woman. The 
Greeks derive fioivoc from fixiyu* And 
Bochart from nn eedificavit. ( ujj, 

^^% 11 ^^ ify\ Nerkis banui Ihehla 
chelhm,the lady Narcifla with black eyes. 



Lw. Bisima Billbn. 

"♦♦ ♦♦ ♦ 

Blind, without fight. Skinner, Shakf- 
peare. 

ly Tuma Thorn a. 

Caeterurn toto oriente nomen o*m ufi> 
tatum, Sy ri ace tomo fonat, unde Thomas 
Grsecis formatum ell nomen, quod ver- 
naculo illorum fermone redditur, $i$v[/,o$ 
La tine gemellus, ut omnibus ell notiffi-- 

mum* 



( 222 ) 

mum. Akerblad, p, 21; de Infcriptionc 
Phoenicia Oxonienii, p. 21; Parifiis, 1802. 



1L* Jela Jelly. 

Clear. 



rj7 Hehh AechL 

True. 



,j? Hukk Huckle-bone. 
Coxendix. 

Hollow, in the middle of a bone. 

y^Je Hack Hacking. 

Fricuit Rubbing* 

Scalit Scraping. 

Rasit Chopping. 



\S f 



Hmai 



( 223 ) 

*+\& Hami Ami. 

Friend and protedlor, hami din Mu- 
hammed Bengal rupee. Defender of the 
faith. 



{ ^f Hawli Hall. 

Court. 
Area. 



s^U Khat Kite. 

In praedam fe dimifit accipiter milvus. 
See Kennicot, in Pfalm 74 — 19^ and Mi- 
chaelis in Lexico Hebra^o, voce mn. 

f)2j) Durudger Drudger. 

A labourer in mean offices, a carpen- 
ter, and hard working man. 

j^s Dustar 



( 224 ) 



jb^p Dustar Duller. 

A cloth ufed in rubbing furniture, &c. 
Alfo a table cloth. 



fcj Deh Aexcc. 

Ten. 

„i> } Dk Dis, a. 

Invincible hatred. Dis diis invifus, 
u invifus coeleftibus," ov re GTvyezcri 
Geoiftsg, Whom the gods themfelyes de- 
left. 

~*ly*^ Sername Sirname. 

A title at the beginning of a letter, gi- 
ven to the perfon addrefled. 



, &&*< Sigalish 



( 225 ) 



. fj&J&< Sigalish XiyxTiOSig. 

Thought, contrivance, invention, de- 
vice. "EifJLtXTOt aiyoLXievTOt. Horn. 
Curioufly wrought garments. Vide 

Hefych, 



;fj s^s^s Shut dar Shut door, 

fr/"^ Shamrach Shamroc; 

A date-branch divided into fingers, or 
da&yls, a mountain with two or more 
forks ; reprefented by the Irifli under the 
figure of a three-leaved plant. Here is 
a proof L -ef Arabic's being found in the 
Irifh language, as well as Phoenician ; 
and Sanfcrit in the word Ogham, 

« 9 so Sera 



( 226 ) 



& f& Sera Sera, a, 

Italian evening, 

The part of the day from noon to 

fun-fet. 



Isjso Sofa Sofa, 

A well-known reclining feat. 

wyi Zerh Drub, 



The pronunciation of this word 
makes it the fame as our drub, to beat. 
^Jfi J wy? he beat you, or drubbed you. 
Dad ^ is founded dh, dd, or dz, d$. 
Smm ^)3 >mm0// *> drub kelp, beat the dog, i. e. 
the Chriftian, or uncircumcifed dog. 
w/^ Is of the third conjugation, 

and 




( 227 ) 

and conveys the idea of a recipro- 
cal action, ufed a&ively, it is , *Jy 
//7^, w';^ Yanl beat Peter, or drubbed 
Peter. George the Second, who did not 
underftand the Gazette, which fpoke of 
Sir Edward Hawke having given the 
French a good drubbing, alked Lord 
Chefterfield what it meant, upon which 
his lordfhip referred his majefty to the 
Duke of Bedford, who, at that moment, 
was coming into the drawing room, and 
knew from fad experience the full extent 
qf the term, 



&* 



AM Ail, 

Alel, difeale* Alii, a fick perfon, 






r 2 (J& Fetes 



( 228 ) 



ijr 



£ 



Fetes Fetiche. 



A glafs-bead, or any thing of the fort, 
with which men or animals are fafcinated. 
Fetiche is an idol, fuch as the people of 
Guinea or the Illinois worfhip. See 
Dapper, and a voyage to the kingdom 
of Iiliny, by a Jacobin. Did:, de 
Trevoux. 






Camk Shirt. 



Camicia. Vide Roufieau's Perfian 
Vocabulary. 



jfy Ruad 



( 229 ) 

^ ! y Knad Alcay de, 
A Spanifh governor, 



;tf Kk Sciflors. 

Cizars. 



j# Shears, fciflor, or nearer to the 
Arabic cizars. 



/ 



i£z//a Cujas, 



Where ? whither ? , ,, U Where are 
you? Kuja comes from'keh what, and 
U cujus in Latin is faid of the perfon, 
Cujatis unde fit, fignificat, 



b 3 Sfor ijf 



( 230 ) 

Sj or (Jjf Keri Koi^og. 

Kotgos in Greek is fomnolency, lethar- 
gy, as in Arabic. 

Kago? $&fuv dfJLfpsxuTiV^s. 

Apoll. Rhod. lib. 11. v. 203. 



V «■/ 



EV XOCPCp XSlfJLSVOl KOU VKVU. 

Strabo, p. fill. fol. 



y^smf Cab Cube. 

Kv€o£ Teflera. 

Caaba the fquare temple at Mecca, 
hence. a geometrical cube. 

^j/' Keff Cuff. 

A hand, the palm, hence a flap, or 
blow with it. The voluptuous Perfians 
fay, Gul der ber u mye ber kuf, u mafh- 

uka 



( 231 y 

uka bekamufl ; A rofe in the bofom, 
wine in the hand, and a mifirefs to my 
defire. 

"JW Kefalet Ks(puxl 

Kefalet is from kefal a fponfor, fecu- 
rity, a principal or head of an affair, who 
anfwers for the confequence of an event. 

See Wilmet; and (UJ kyfal, the 
cephalic vein, in Meninfki. 



s> 



)y+ Mordecai 

w^/* A little man, a diminutive of 
yy a man* 

^M* Mekleb Mahaleb, 

A fpecies of grain like cherry-ftones 

in Azerbijan in Armenia. The Maba- 

■r 4 leb 



( 232 ) 

leb cherry tree is an inhabitant of the 
South of France, and of it furniture is 
made to imitate rofe-wood. 



.♦it* My an Moyen, 

Mean. 



My Nlin VYjV SR. 

Now. 



s^JJ)))) Wadilkebir Guadalquivir, 



j ♦♦♦ 



The great river Baetis, now the Gua- 
dalquivir, rifes in New Caftile, falls into 
the Gulph of Cadiz, near St. Lucar, by a 
mouth about a league broad, but choaked 
with fand. The diredt line from its 
head to its mouth is twenty- two. miles 

and 



( 233 ) 

and a half, and its courfc about two hun- 
dred and feventy. 

" Decorent vireta Ba^tin, 
Tagus intumeicat auro." 

CJaudian, p. 160. Ed. Van 



Lj Webil Weevil. 

A beetle ufed by bleachers of linen, 
and wafher women. 



^ Fejih Wedge, 
♦♦ 

Thick, clofe-compa<5ted. 

j& * Veiled Void. 

Sole, unique, feparated, folitary, 



{/ ') Jc S hl: 



( 334 > 

'}?) Veghi Vague* 

A rumour of uncertain news* 

.j$j WeUd Wicked, 

Deliberation, thought, ftudy to do 
what one is defirous, or folicitous about* 
with a bad defign. 



Jj Wane Waned. 

♦♦ 

Torpuit languitque— He waned and 
languished. See Wilmet's Di&ionary of 
the Koran. This comes to us from the 
Arabic through the Saxon. 



» « I fir 



A) 



( 235 ) 

Wir Vir. 



A friend, reafon, recolle&ion, intel- 
lect. An old word in Perlian. 



Ut Huja Huge. 

High, great, violent. 

<?& Hitka Hiccough. 

Huka, a cough; hicket; hoquet, in 
French ; hick, in Flemifh. Words made 
from the found of the convulfion in the 
itomach, 



mJ) Iff J! If 



>yj 


-/♦♦♦ 


sj4 






* ♦ ♦ i 


'/I 


sJ» 




) ^^uJ' * 




im 








«^ 




K 



Interprctatio Latine verhum verba. 

Non eft Deus nifi Deus 
Muhammed eft Dei legatus 
Silices albicantes condonationis 
Terendo advenit mulier 
iEdem magnam, velut rupes 

Daraturam 



( 237 ) 

Duraturam, anno ineuntc 
Undecies centefimo nono 
Et nonagefimo,, UQQ- 



Translation. 

There is no God but God, 
Mahomet is fent bj God. 
A woman has trod the flinty path of 
forgivenefs, and viiited the great houfe, 
that endures like the rocks which fur- 
round it, in the beginning of the year 
one thoufand one hundred and ninety 
nine. 



This infcription is copied from a fmall co- 
lumn lately brought from Egypt, now in the 
poffeffion of Sir Jofeph Banks. The type of 
the Arabic is very elegant, and top of the pil- 
lar, or columella, which is of Parian marble, 
enriched with feme elegant antique foliage. 

M 



( 238 ) 

m h 

**f ' Almerwet. There is no type to print 
this word, and fome others exadtly as they are 
on the ftone ; it means, however, the fhining, 
or polifl-ied flints of the holy mountain, which 
have acquired the epithet from the trightnefs 
given them by the inceffant treading of tne pil- 
grims between this mountain and the mountain 
of Sapha, in the road to Mecca. 

The date is both in letters and figures, and 
whe$ the Era of the Hejira is added to it, and 
the difference between lunar years and folar ac- 
counted for, the monument will appear to have 
been but very lately erefted. 

Had there been no infcription, or had the 
word banat, filia, or daughter, been illegible on 
this monument, it would have been fufficieotly 
clear that it was intended for a woman, becaufe 
it has no turban, which always appears on the 
grave-ftones of the Turks. The infeription is 
not twenty years old, but the marble and the 
flowers round the head of the column are an- 
tique. The town of Mecca, or as it is written 
on a coin of Mcfrur in the margin, in the name 
of God this coin was ftruck ' **~\ Beccae, A, 
209. Chr. 824. Vid. Alder. 1. c. Mum. 84. 

FINIS* 






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